English as a Medium of Instruction in European Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities for Europe and the UK

英语作为欧洲高等教育的教学语言：欧洲和英国的挑战和机遇

• 批准号: MR/T021500/1
• 负责人: Anna Kristina Hultgren
• 金额: $ 148.02万
• 依托单位: The Open University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FT021500%2F1
• 关键词: English; Medium; Instruction; European; Higher

In the past few decades, higher education institutions in non-Anglophone Europe have seen a dramatic increase by more than 1,000% in English-taught programmes (Wächter and Maiworm 2014). But why do countries suddenly decide to change the language of their educational system from students' home language, whether French, Dutch or something else, to one that students know less well, 'knowing full well that many students will struggle to understand what is being taught, and might engage less with the learning process as a result?' (Macaro 2018: 290).This project aims to further knowledge on why English as a Medium (EMI) happens by bringing together the state of the art in Linguistics and Political Science. Linguists have typically not engaged with academic governance despite Political Science having an established literature on governmentality that can explain how actions and conditions in the social and political world have certain - sometimes unintended - outcomes. Political scientists, on the other hand, have typically not had language as their object of analysis. By working in the interface of Linguistics and Political Science, the project will significantly advance our understandings of EMI. As EMI has profound economic, educational, professional and societal consequences, not only for non-Anglophone Europe, but for the UK, and its growth is expected to continue, the need for finding out why it happens is both pressing and immense.To explore the link between EMI and academic governance, the Principal Investigator will lead a team of three Post-Doctoral Research Associates. Adopting theoretical and methodological frames from Political Science, the team will conduct six in-depth case studies in higher education institutions in three regions in Europe that are known to differ in the amount of EMI offered, exploring institutional and national higher educational policies and documents and interviewing decision makers across the university and at national and international level. We will also conduct a cross-case comparison of 15 higher education institutions in Europe to explore the links between EMI and national and institutional attributes, such as levels of English proficiency, population size, international recruitment strategies, European convergence initiatives, etc. In combination, the in-case and cross-case approach will enable us to arrive at both a contextually sensitive understanding and a generalisable model of why EMI happens and how it relates to priorities in contemporary academic governance. We will also explore different models of EMI across Europe in order to inform the development of a 'best practice' framework that will ensure that EMI is delivered without adverse effects on teaching, learning and wider society.The outcomes of the project will be both theoretical and practical. Theoretically, the project will generate a critical understanding of how the implementation of specific forms of governance might lead - perhaps unintentionally - to language shift in transnational institutions, here universities. As reforms - and indeed EMI - are happening in higher education across the world (Broucker and De Wit 2015; Macaro et al. 2018), the findings are of global relevance. Practically, the project will devise innovative solutions to EMI to the mutual benefit of Europe and the UK. A 'best practice' framework will be developed and rolled out across European higher education. This will pave the way for opening up new employment and consultancy opportunities for the UK English for Academic Purposes industry, which has a well-established expertise in preparing overseas students for study in the UK. This expertise can be repurposed for an expanding EMI market. As EMI is in growth not just in Europe but across the world, the opportunities opened up by the project are vast and global in scale and extend far beyond the project's lifetime.

在过去的几十年里，非英语国家的欧洲高等教育机构在英语授课课程中的增幅超过了1,000%（Wächter and Maiwarm 2014）。但是，为什么一些国家突然决定将其教育系统的语言从学生的母语（无论是法语、荷兰语还是其他语言）改为学生不太熟悉的语言，因为它们完全知道许多学生将难以理解所教授的内容，因此可能会减少学习过程的参与？（Macaro 2018：290）.该项目旨在通过汇集语言学和政治学的最新技术来进一步了解为什么英语作为一种媒介（EMI）会发生。语言学家通常不参与学术治理，尽管政治学有一个关于治理的文献，可以解释社会和政治世界中的行为和条件如何产生某些-有时是无意的-结果。另一方面，政治科学家通常不把语言作为他们的分析对象。通过在语言学和政治学的接口工作，该项目将显着推进我们对EMI的理解。由于EMI具有深刻的经济，教育，专业和社会影响，不仅对非英语国家的欧洲，但对英国，其增长预计将继续下去，需要找出为什么它发生是既紧迫和巨大的。探索EMI和学术治理之间的联系，首席研究员将带领一个团队的三个博士后研究助理。采用政治学的理论和方法框架，该团队将在欧洲三个地区的高等教育机构进行六次深入的案例研究，这些地区的EMI提供量不同，探索机构和国家高等教育政策和文件，并采访整个大学以及国家和国际层面的决策者。我们还将对欧洲15所高等教育机构进行跨案例比较，探讨EMI与国家和机构属性之间的联系，如英语能力水平、人口规模、国际招聘策略、欧洲趋同举措等，如果将这些因素结合起来的情况下，交叉-案例分析法将使我们能够对EMI的发生原因及其关系达成一个上下文敏感的理解和一个可推广的模型当代学术管理的优先事项。我们还将探索欧洲不同的EMI模式，以提供“最佳实践”框架的发展信息，确保EMI的交付不会对教学，学习和更广泛的社会产生不利影响。该项目的成果将是理论和实践。从理论上讲，该项目将产生一个关键的理解，如何实施特定形式的治理可能会导致-也许是无意的-在跨国机构，这里的大学语言的转变。随着世界各地高等教育的改革--实际上是EMI --正在发生（Broucker and De Wit 2015; Macaro et al. 2018），这些发现具有全球意义。实际上，该项目将为欧洲和英国的共同利益制定创新的EMI解决方案。一个“最佳实践”框架将在整个欧洲高等教育中开发和推广。这将为英国学术英语行业开辟新的就业和咨询机会铺平道路，该行业在为海外学生在英国学习做准备方面拥有成熟的专业知识。这种专业知识可以重新用于不断扩大的EMI市场。由于EMI不仅在欧洲而且在世界各地都在增长，因此该项目开辟的机会是巨大的，全球规模的，远远超出了项目的生命周期。

项目成果

New understandings of the rise of English as a medium of instruction in higher education: the role of key performance indicators and institutional profiling

对英语作为高等教育教学媒介的崛起的新理解：关键绩效指标和机构概况的作用

• DOI: 10.1515/ijsl-2021-0082
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: International Journal of the Sociology of Language
• 作者: Hultgren A

limits of translingualism In search of complementary forms of resistance

跨语言主义的局限性 寻找互补的抵抗形式

• DOI: 10.47862/apples.114738
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies
• 作者: Hultgren A

Assessment and English as a medium of instruction Challenges and opportunities

评估和英语作为教学媒介 挑战和机遇

• DOI: 10.1075/jemi.21019.hul
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of English-Medium Instruction
• 作者: Hultgren A

English-Medium Instruction Practices in Higher Education - International Perspectives

高等教育中的英语教学实践 - 国际视角

• DOI: 10.5040/9781350167889.ch-004
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Hultgren A

New insights into the trend towards English as a medium of instruction in European higher education through transdisciplinary participation

通过跨学科参与对英语作为欧洲高等教育教学语言趋势的新见解

• DOI: 10.30661/afinlavk.127850
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: AFinLAn vuosikirja
• 作者: Hultgren A