Development of disruptive behavior disorders from early childhood to adolescence

从幼儿期到青春期破坏性行为障碍的发展

• 批准号: 6228062
• 负责人: Carolyn Zahn-Waxler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6228062
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); aggression; behavior disorders; child (0-11); child psychology; clinical research; disease /disorder etiology; disease /disorder proneness /risk; health surveys; human subject; interview; mental disorders; questionnaires

Disruptive behavior disorders are characterized by antisocial, aggressive behaviors. Externalizing problems are the most commonly diagnosed mental health problems of childhood. They tend to be stable over time, resistant to treatment, and linked to psychiatric disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Early onset aggression is a precursor of life-course persistent antisocial behavior. Little is known, however, about constitutional and environmental factors, and their interactions, that contribute to different developmental outcomes. Eighty-two 4-5 year-old children at low, moderate or high risk for later disruptive behavior disorders (based on initial levels of externalizing problems), have been studied at three subsequent time points; 6-7, 8-10, and 12-13 years. Social, emotional, cognitive, and physiological areas of child functioning are examined, in conjunction with socialization experiences. The goal is to identify key factors that contribute to continuity and change over time in young childrens behavioral problems. The problems of preschool children have shown marked stability over time, indicating their chronic, pervasive nature. Adaptive child- rearing practices that contribute to decreases in behavior problems over time have been identified. Positive parenting practices may have a direct effect in reducing childrens antisocial behavior. They also may have an indirect effect by helping to preserve childrens empathy over time. Deficits in concern for others well-being have long been held as one of the hallmarks of antisocial behavior disorders. By age 7, many of the children with clinical problems studied here have begun to show a decline in empathic, caring behaviors. Others, however, who had shown similar initial levels of problem behavior, continued to show concern; and their antisocial behavior patterns decreased with age. Supportive sibling relationships also were associated with a decline in behavior problems over time, indicating another aspect of socialization that may influence long-term development. - antisocial development; early onset aggression; disruptive behavior disorders - Human Subjects & Human Subjects: Interview, Questionaires, or Surveys Only

破坏性行为障碍的特征是反社会、攻击性行为。外化问题是儿童心理健康问题中最常见的诊断问题。随着时间的推移，它们往往是稳定的，对治疗耐药，并与青春期和成年期的精神障碍有关。早发性攻击是生命过程中持续的反社会行为的先兆。然而，人们对促成不同发展结果的宪法和环境因素及其相互作用知之甚少。对82名低、中或高风险的4-5岁儿童在随后的三个时间点：6-7岁、8-10岁和12-13岁进行了研究，这些儿童后来患有破坏性行为障碍(基于外化问题的初始水平)。结合社会化经验，研究儿童功能的社会、情感、认知和生理领域。我们的目标是找出导致幼儿行为问题持续和改变的关键因素。学龄前儿童的问题随着时间的推移表现出显著的稳定性，表明他们的慢性、普遍性。随着时间的推移，有助于减少行为问题的适应性育儿做法已经被确定。积极的育儿方式可能会对减少儿童的反社会行为产生直接影响。随着时间的推移，他们还可以帮助保持孩子的同理心，从而产生间接的影响。长期以来，缺乏对他人福祉的关注一直被认为是反社会行为障碍的标志之一。到7岁时，这里研究的许多有临床问题的儿童开始表现出同理心和关爱行为的下降。然而，其他最初表现出类似问题行为水平的人，继续表现出担忧；他们的反社会行为模式随着年龄的增长而减少。随着时间的推移，支持性的兄弟姐妹关系也与行为问题的减少有关，这表明社会化的另一个方面可能会影响长期发展。-反社会发展；早发性攻击性；破坏性行为障碍-人类受试者和人类受试者：仅采访、问卷或调查