Development of disruptive behavior disorders from early childhood to adolescence

破坏性行为障碍的特征是反社会、攻击性行为。外化问题是儿童时期最常见的心理健康问题。随着时间的推移，它们趋于稳定，对治疗有抵抗力，并与青春期和成年期的精神疾病有关。早期发作的攻击行为是终生持续的反社会行为的前兆。然而，对于导致不同发育结果的体质和环境因素及其相互作用，我们所知甚少。在随后的三个时间点对82名4-5岁的儿童进行了研究，这些儿童具有低、中或高风险的后期破坏性行为障碍（基于外化问题的初始水平）；6-7岁，8-10岁，12-13岁。社会，情感，认知和儿童功能的生理领域，结合社会化经验进行检查。目标是确定导致幼儿行为问题的连续性和随时间变化的关键因素。学龄前儿童的问题随着时间的推移显示出明显的稳定性，表明它们的慢性、普遍性。随着时间的推移，适应性儿童养育实践有助于减少行为问题已经被确定。积极的养育方式可能对减少孩子的反社会行为有直接的影响。随着时间的推移，它们也可能通过帮助保持孩子的同理心产生间接影响。长期以来，不关心他人的幸福一直被认为是反社会行为障碍的标志之一。到7岁时，这里研究的许多有临床问题的儿童已经开始表现出移情和关怀行为的下降。然而，其他最初表现出类似问题行为水平的人继续表现出担忧；他们的反社会行为模式随着年龄的增长而减少。随着时间的推移，支持性的兄弟姐妹关系也与行为问题的减少有关，这表明社会化的另一个方面可能影响长期发展。-反社会发展；早发性攻击；破坏性行为障碍-人类受试者&人类受试者：访谈，问卷调查或仅调查

Disruptive behavior disorders are characterized by antisocial, aggressive behaviors. Externalizing problems are the most commonly diagnosed mental health problems of childhood. They tend to be stable over time, resistant to treatment, and linked to psychiatric disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Early onset aggression is a precursor of life-course persistent antisocial behavior. Little is known, however, about constitutional and environmental factors, and their interactions, that contribute to different developmental outcomes. Eighty-two 4-5 year-old children at low, moderate or high risk for later disruptive behavior disorders (based on initial levels of externalizing problems), have been studied at three subsequent time points; 6-7, 8-10, and 12-13 years. Social, emotional, cognitive, and physiological areas of child functioning are examined, in conjunction with socialization experiences. The goal is to identify key factors that contribute to continuity and change over time in young childrens behavioral problems. The problems of preschool children have shown marked stability over time, indicating their chronic, pervasive nature. Adaptive child- rearing practices that contribute to decreases in behavior problems over time have been identified. Positive parenting practices may have a direct effect in reducing childrens antisocial behavior. They also may have an indirect effect by helping to preserve childrens empathy over time. Deficits in concern for others well-being have long been held as one of the hallmarks of antisocial behavior disorders. By age 7, many of the children with clinical problems studied here have begun to show a decline in empathic, caring behaviors. Others, however, who had shown similar initial levels of problem behavior, continued to show concern; and their antisocial behavior patterns decreased with age. Supportive sibling relationships also were associated with a decline in behavior problems over time, indicating another aspect of socialization that may influence long-term development. - antisocial development; early onset aggression; disruptive behavior disorders - Human Subjects & Human Subjects: Interview, Questionaires, or Surveys Only