Development of disruptive behavior disorders from early childhood to adolescence

从幼儿期到青春期破坏性行为障碍的发展

• 批准号: 6432871
• 负责人: Carolyn Zahn-Waxler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6432871
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); aggression; behavior disorders; child (0-11); child psychology; clinical research; disease /disorder etiology; disease /disorder proneness /risk; health surveys; human subject; interview; mental disorders; questionnaires

Disruptive behavior disorders are characterized by antisocial, aggressive behaviors. Externalizing problems are the most commonly diagnosed mental health problems of childhood. They tend to be stable over time, resistant to treatment, and linked to psychiatric disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Early onset aggression is a precursor of life-course persistent antisocial behavior. Little is known, however, about constitutional and environmental factors, and their interactions, that contribute to different developmental outcomes. Eighty-two 4-5 year-old children at low, moderate or high risk for later disruptive behavior disorders (based on initial levels of externalizing problems), have been studied at three subsequent time points; 6-7, 8-10, and 12-13 years. Social, emotional, cognitive, and physiological areas of child functioning are examined, in conjunction with socialization experiences. The goal is to identify key factors that contribute to continuity and change over time in young children's behavioral problems. The problems of preschool children studied here have shown marked stability over time, indicating their chronic, pervasive nature. Previous reports on this sample described adaptive child-rearing practices and child characteristics that contributed to initial decreases in behavior problems for some of the children. Child and parent risk factors also were identified that contributed to the maintenance of problems for other children. Current projects focus on followup of these children into early adolescence. Both early and concurrent problems have been found to predict negative affect and physiological reactivity to social stress in adolescence. The stability of problems identified at earlier time points continues into adolescence. There is a marked increase in the number of participants who receive psychiatric diagnoses, with comorbidity often present (e.g. adolescents who have internalizing (anxiety, depression) as well as externalizing (oppositional, antisocial) problems. Because disruptive behavior problems are more likely to be comorbid with anxiety and depression in girls than boys, this may lead to later sex differences in forms of psychopathology. We have identified early sex differences in coping that may place girls at greater risk for internalizing problems.

破坏性行为障碍的特征是反社会，攻击性行为。外化问题是儿童时期最常见的心理健康问题。它们往往随着时间的推移而稳定，对治疗有抵抗力，并与青春期和成年期的精神疾病有关。早发性攻击是终生持续性反社会行为的前兆。然而，人们对导致不同发育结果的体质和环境因素及其相互作用知之甚少。82个4-5岁的儿童在低，中度或高风险的后期破坏性行为障碍（基于初始水平的外化问题），已在随后的三个时间点进行了研究; 6-7，8-10，和12-13年。儿童功能的社会，情感，认知和生理领域的研究，结合社会化的经验。我们的目标是确定关键因素，有助于随着时间的推移，在幼儿的行为问题的连续性和变化。 这里研究的学龄前儿童的问题随着时间的推移显示出明显的稳定性，表明他们的慢性，普遍的性质。以前关于这个样本的报告描述了适应性的育儿方法和儿童特征，这些方法和特征有助于一些儿童行为问题的初步减少。儿童和父母的风险因素也被确定为有助于维护其他儿童的问题。目前的项目侧重于对这些儿童进行跟踪，直至进入青春期。早期和并发的问题都被发现可以预测青少年对社会压力的负面影响和生理反应。在较早的时间点确定的问题的稳定性持续到青春期。接受精神病诊断的参与者人数明显增加，通常存在合并症（例如，青少年既有内化（焦虑，抑郁）问题，也有外化（对立，反社会）问题。因为破坏性行为问题更容易与焦虑和抑郁症的女孩比男孩，这可能会导致后来的性别差异的精神病理学的形式。我们已经确定了早期的性别差异，在应对可能会使女孩在更大的风险内化的问题。