GASP -- a software tool for methodologic development in

基因组分析模拟程序（G. A. S. P.）是一种用于根据用户指定的遗传模型生成家庭数据样本的软件工具。数量性状是根据用户定义的组分的组合来定义的，包括主基因座（或多个基因座）、多基因组分、共同的亲缘关系环境和/或其他协变量。此外，可以产生对应于离散性状或标记的基因座。然而，该软件不能直接处理诸如缺失数据、基因分型错误减少的重复率、遗传异质性、上位性和非随机确定等并发症。G. A. S. P.与一个驱动程序一起运行，该驱动程序对生成的数据进行格式化，还可以用于向mdoel添加复杂的层。基于驱动因子的性状修改包括：功能转换，根据阈值对数量性状进行分类，以及随机确定离散性状的表达（减少的遗传距离）。更复杂的性状模型允许一个基因座的贡献取决于另一个基因座的基因型。非随机确定可以通过丢弃不满足所需标准的族来建模。驱动程序可以允许群体的混合，通过为每个群体保持单独的模型规范和随机数流，并以所需的比例包括来自不同群体的家族，对部分关联或遗传异质性进行建模。大多数模拟研究需要使用来自所考虑的每个群体模型的数千个样本。有必要生成数据，调用分析程序，提取相关输出，并积累每次重复的结果。unix shell脚本与G. A. S. P.和适当的驱动程序结合使用来完成这些任务。

The Genometric Analysis Simulation Program (G.A.S.P.) is a software tool for generating samples of family data based on user-specified genetic models. Quantitative traits are defined in terms of a combination of user-defined components, including a major-locus (or loci), a polygenic component, common sibship environment, and/or other covariates. In addition, loci corresponding to discrete traits or markers can be generated. However, complications such as missing data, genotyping errors reduced penetrance, genetic heterogeneity, epistasis, and non-random ascertainment are not handled directly by this software. G.A.S.P. is run in combination with a driver that formats the generated data and can also be used to add layers of complexity to the mdoel. Driver-based trait modifications include: functional transformation, classification of a quantitative trait according to a threshold, and randomly determined expression of a discrete trait (reduced penetrance). More complicated trait models allow for the contribution of one locus to depend on the genotype at another locus. Non-random ascertainment can be modeled by discarding families that do not meet the desired criterion. The driver can allow for mixtures of populations, modeling partial association or genetic heterogeneity, by maintaining separate model specifications and random number streams for each population and including families from different populations in the desired proportions. Most simulation studies require the use of thousands of samples from each population model considered. It is necessary to generate data, invoke analysis programs, extract relevant output, and accumulate results for each replicate. A unix shell script is used in combination with G.A.S.P. and appropriate driver programs to accomplish these tasks.