Research Grants to Prevent Unintentional Injuries

预防意外伤害的研究资助

• 批准号: 7283556
• 负责人: Jonathan Howland
• 金额: $ 25万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2009-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7283556
• 关键词: Research; Grants; Prevent; Unintentional; Injuries

Hingson and Howland (2002) estimated that 1,138 college students die from alcohol-related traffic crashes annually. An additional 307 college students die annually from alcohol-related non-traffic unintentional injuries and 500,000 college students annually sustain alcohol-related injuries (Hingson and Howland 2002). Caffeinated alcoholic beverages target young adults with the promise that the caffeine will counteract the sedating effects of alcohol and thus let the consumer remain alert and active longer, while continuing to drink. If young people erroneously believe that caffeine in beer will protect them from alcohol-related injury, then such beverages may increase mortality and morbidity in this population. Thus, it is important to have accurate information about the extent to which such beverages affect impairment both acutely and residually. Such information could correct misunderstandings young people have about the relative safety of caffeinated beer and thereby reduce injury. The study could have implications for safety-sensitive occupations as well. It is common for people to use caffeine to counteract the sedative effects of alcohol. If, however, the alcohol and caffeine interact to yield greater impairment in next-day performance, workers should be aware of this, particularly if their jobs have low tolerance for error. This study, to our knowledge, will be the first to compare the acute and residual effects of caffeinated and non-caffeinated beer on driving performance. Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop information about the acute and residual effects of a new product being targeted to young adults. It is important to understand the effects of caffeinated alcoholic beverages early on in the marketing campaign so that if they pose a greater threat to pubic health than traditional alcoholic beverages, (1) consumers can be educated and (2) policy-making can be informed with accurate information. We will compare the acute and residual effects on driving impairment of caffeinated and non-caffeinated beer to each other and to placebo when participants have received sufficient alcoholic beverage to attain a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .12 g%. Study Design: We will conduct a placebo-controlled trial using a 2 X 2 mixed-model study design. The within-subjects factor will be alcohol vs. placebo; the between-subjects factor will be caffeinated vs. noncaffeinated beer. Setting: The study will take place at the General Clinical Research Center at Boston Medical Center. Participants: We will recruit 144 students from Boston area Universities. Outcome Measures: Acute and residual driving impairment will be assessed using a driving simulator and an objective measure of sustained attention/reaction time, the Psychomotor Vioilance Test (PVT).

Hingson和Howland（2002）估计，1,138名大学生死于与酒精有关的疾病。 每年的交通事故。每年另有307名大学生死于与酒精有关的非交通事故 每年有50万大学生遭受与酒精有关的伤害（Hingson和 Howland 2002）。含咖啡因的酒精饮料以年轻人为目标，承诺咖啡因将 抵消酒精的镇静作用，从而让消费者保持警觉和活跃的时间更长， 继续喝酒。如果年轻人错误地认为啤酒中的咖啡因可以保护他们免受酒精相关的伤害， 因此，这些饮料可能会增加这一人群的死亡率和发病率。照经上所 重要的是要有准确的信息，在何种程度上，这种饮料影响损害， 急性和残留。这些信息可以纠正年轻人对 含咖啡因的啤酒相对安全，从而减少伤害。这项研究可能对安全敏感的 职业也是。人们通常使用咖啡因来抵消咖啡因的镇静作用。 酒精然而，如果酒精和咖啡因相互作用，对第二天的表现产生更大的损害， 工人应注意这一点，特别是如果他们的工作对错误的容忍度很低。这项研究，我们 知识，将是第一个比较含咖啡因和不含咖啡因的啤酒的急性和残留影响 驾驶性能。 目的：本研究的目的是开发新的急性和残余影响的信息， 产品针对年轻人。重要的是要了解含咖啡因的酒精的影响， 在营销活动的早期，如果饮料对公众健康构成的威胁大于 传统的酒精饮料，（1）消费者可以接受教育，（2）政策制定可以告知 准确的信息。我们将比较急性和残余影响驾驶障碍的咖啡因 和不含咖啡因的啤酒，并安慰剂时，参与者已收到足够的酒精 血液酒精浓度（BAC）为0.12g %。 研究设计：我们将采用2 × 2混合模型研究设计进行安慰剂对照试验。的 受试者内因素为酒精与安慰剂;受试者间因素为含咖啡因与不含咖啡因 啤酒 背景：本研究将在波士顿医学中心的综合临床研究中心进行。 参与者：我们将从波士顿地区的大学招募144名学生。 结果测量：将使用驾驶模拟器评估急性和残余驾驶障碍， 持续注意力/反应时间的客观测量，心理暴力测试（PVT）。