Motivation in context: Risk for early substance use

描述（由申请人提供）：发展生态学理论认为，儿童和青少年时期物质使用（SU）的开始是个人和他们的社会环境背景之间相互作用和相互作用的函数。然而，很少有研究从多个层面综合考虑风险和保护因素。需要有理论基础的研究，描述对早期出现的苏的独特和互动的个人和环境影响，以指导预防性干预措施的发展。我们建议测试认知、同伴、父母、社区和心理生物学/动机因素之间的中介和调节关系，作为青少年SU的途径。神经科学研究表明，青春期食欲动机的变化会增加对危险环境的脆弱性。本研究将研究食欲动机的变化如何与社区、父母和同伴环境融合，从而影响支持高强度和高强度行为的内隐和外显信念。400名10-12岁儿童的样本将通过3个波进行评估，以检查这些结构的变化如何预示高强度行为。还有家长报告。将使用多种方法来评估关于SU，同伴，父母和社区背景的信念。结合潜在轮廓，过渡，多层次和增长分析，将用于检查：1)SU信念的轨迹；2)情境对个体认知信念和个体认知的直接、间接和相互作用；(3)动机特征对情境、信念与青少年社会行为之间关系的调节作用。本研究探讨了青少年社会行为相关信念的发展变化，以及心理生物动机特征对情境影响的调节作用。拟议的研究有可能为如何为特定人群量身定制SU预防干预措施的内容以及针对相关病因过程以获得最大效果提供重要方向。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Developmental-ecological theory posits that the initiation of substance use (SU) in childhood and adolescence is a function of reciprocal and interacting influences between individuals and their socio- environmental context. Yet, very little research has integrated risk and protective factors from multiple levels. Theoretically grounded research that delineates unique and interactive individual and contextual influences on early emerging SU is needed to guide the development of preventive interventions. We propose to test mediational and moderational relations among cognitive, peer, parental, community, and psychobiological/motivational factors as pathways to adolescent SU. Research in neuroscience suggests that changes in appetitive motivation during adolescence increases vulnerability to risky contexts. The proposed research will examine how shifts in appetitive motivation converge with community, parental, and peer contexts to influence both implicit and explicit beliefs supportive of SU and SU. A sample of 400 10-12 year old children assessed across 3-waves will allow for the examination of how changes in these constructs presage SU. Child motivational profiles based on approach, inhibition, and self-regulation will be assessed using laboratory tasks, physiological indicators, and parent reports. Multiple methods will be used to assess beliefs about SU, and peer, parental, and community context. A combination of latent profile, transition, multilevel, and growth analysis, will be used to examine: 1) trajectories of SU beliefs; 2) the direct, indirect, and reciprocal effects of context on SU beliefs and SU; and 3) the moderating effect of motivational profiles on the relation between context and beliefs and SU. This study examines developmental changes in beliefs related to adolescent SU, and modulation of contextual influences by psychobiological motivational profiles. The proposed research has the potential to provide important direction for how the content of SU preventive interventions could be tailored for specific populations and to target relevant etiological processes for maximal effectiveness.