PAHs: New Technologies and Emerging Health Risks

PAH：新技术和新出现的健康风险

• 批准号: 8056123
• 负责人: David E Williams
• 金额: $ 291.04万
• 依托单位: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-04-27 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8056123
• 关键词: PAHs; New; Technologies; Emerging; Health

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), re-emerging environmental pollutants of concern, found at Superfund sites and urban settings, are formed in the burning of carbon-based energy sources, e.g., diesel, gasoline, coal, petroleum and in cooking or tobacco smoke. Increasing energy needs world-wide contribute to PAH production, resulting in human exposures. This new Superfund Basic Research Program brings together a multi-disciplinary team, from an academic institution and a National Laboratory, with years of experience in PAHs and environmental health issues. The investigators designed 6 Research Projects that are innovative and exciting, and that explore new mechanisms of PAHs and their impact on human health. The Projects focus on 1) PAHs in skin and transplacental cancer and prevention approaches; 2) the construction of the first PAH PBPK model using both mice and humans; 3) adverse effects on development in a versatile model (zebrafish); 4) the development of passive sampling devices, deployed at Superfund sites, testable in the zebrafish model; 5) the development of analytical methods for tracking another emerging potential health threat, nanomaterials, and 6) determining PAH composition and atmospheric deposition (in China, coal-fired energy plants and automobile use is exploding) and the effects of PAHs "aging" in transport to the U.S.; the focus will be on highly exposed populations (Chinese and Native Americans in the U.S.). The Research Support Cores are the Statistics and Bioinformatics Core, and the Analytical Chemistry Core, which provide a continuum critical to success in data storage, analysis and sharing, and use of PAH standards and analysis. Common use of the Cores by Projects ensures high reliability and consistency. Personnel in the Research Translation Core (RTC), directed by an M.D., M.P.H., have years of experience in public health and serve as a conduit between research and populations with exposure concerns. The Community Outreach Core, tied closely to the RTC, has experience with Tribal Communities concerned about PAH exposure, and the Core has developed creative venues for communication of scientific results with the general public. Finally, the administrative team has a long history of successful management of NIEHS multi-investigator grants and acquisition of strong institutional support. The innovative nature of these Projects, the high significance of PAHs, the tight integration, the shared resources and approaches, the demonstrated ability to distill scientific studies to impacted populations and the long history of successful administration provide this new SBRP with what we trust the reviewers will judge to be many exciting and important strengths with high innovation in the approaches taken.

多环芳烃(PAHs)是在超级基金所在地和城市环境中发现的再次出现的令人关注的环境污染物，是在燃烧柴油、汽油、煤炭、石油和烹饪或烟草烟雾等碳基能源时形成的。世界范围内不断增加的能源需求导致多环芳烃的产生，导致人类暴露在环境中。这一新的超级基金基础研究计划汇集了一个来自学术机构和国家实验室的多学科团队，他们在多环芳烃和环境健康问题方面拥有多年的经验。研究人员设计了6个创新和令人兴奋的研究项目，探索多环芳烃的新机制及其对人类健康的影响。这些项目集中在1)皮肤和胎盘癌中的多环芳烃及其预防方法；2)用小鼠和人类共同构建首个多环芳烃的多环芳烃PK模型；3)多用途模型(斑马鱼)的不利影响；4)开发部署在Superfund站点的被动采样设备，可在斑马鱼模型中进行测试；5)开发跟踪另一种新出现的潜在健康威胁的分析方法--纳米材料；6)测定多环芳烃的组成和大气沉积(在中国，燃煤电厂和汽车的使用正在爆炸)，以及多环芳烃在运往美国过程中“老化”的影响。重点将放在高风险人群(在美国的中国人和美洲原住民)。研究支持核心是统计和生物信息学核心，以及分析化学核心，它们提供了对数据存储、分析和共享以及PAH标准和分析的使用至关重要的连续统一体。各项目共同使用这些核心，确保了高可靠性和一致性。研究翻译核心(RTC)的人员由医学博士、公共卫生硕士指导，具有多年的公共卫生经验，是研究人员和有暴露问题的人群之间的桥梁。社区外展核心与RTC密切联系，与关注PAH暴露的部落社区有经验，该核心开发了与普通公众交流科学成果的创造性场所。最后，行政团队在成功管理NIEHS多名调查员补助金和获得强有力的机构支持方面有着悠久的历史。这些项目的创新性、多环芳烃的高度重要性、紧密的整合、共享的资源和方法、证明有能力将科学研究提炼到受影响的人口以及成功管理的长期历史为这一新的SBRP提供了我们相信审查者将判断为许多令人兴奋和重要的优势以及所采取方法的高度创新。