PAHs: New Technologies and Emerging Health Risks

PAH：新技术和新出现的健康风险

• 批准号: 7918619
• 负责人: David E Williams
• 金额: $ 23.56万
• 依托单位: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-17 至 2012-09-16
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7918619
• 关键词: PAHs; New; Technologies; Emerging; Health

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), re-emerging environmental pollutants of concern, found at Superfund sites and urban settings, are formed in the burning of carbon-based energy sources, e.g., diesel, gasoline, coal, petroleum and in cooking or tobacco smoke. Increasing energy needs world-wide contribute to PAH production, resulting in human exposures. This new Superfund Basic Research Program brings together a multi-disciplinary team, from an academic institution and a National Laboratory, with years of experience in PAHs and environmental health issues. The investigators designed 6 Research Projects that are innovative and exciting, and that explore new mechanisms of PAHs and their impact on human health. The Projects focus on 1) PAHs in skin and transplacental cancer and prevention approaches; 2) the construction of the first PAH PBPK model using both mice and humans; 3) adverse effects on development in a versatile model (zebrafish); 4) the development of passive sampling devices, deployed at Superfund sites, testable in the zebrafish model; 5) the development of analytical methods for tracking another emerging potential health threat, nanomaterials, and 6) determining PAH composition and atmospheric deposition (in China, coal-fired energy plants and automobile use is exploding) and the effects of PAHs "aging" in transport to the U.S.; the focus will be on highly exposed populations (Chinese and Native Americans in the U.S.). The Research Support Cores are the Statistics and Bioinformatics Core, and the Analytical Chemistry Core, which provide a continuum critical to success in data storage, analysis and sharing, and use of PAH standards and analysis. Common use of the Cores by Projects ensures high reliability and consistency. Personnel in the Research Translation Core (RTC), directed by an M.D., M.P.H., have years of experience in public health and serve as a conduit between research and populations with exposure concerns. The Community Outreach Core, tied closely to the RTC, has experience with Tribal Communities concerned about PAH exposure, and the Core has developed creative venues for communication of scientific results with the general public. Finally, the administrative team has a long history of successful management of NIEHS multi-investigator grants and acquisition of strong institutional support. The innovative nature of these Projects, the high significance of PAHs, the tight integration, the shared resources and approaches, the demonstrated ability to distill scientific studies to impacted populations and the long history of successful administration provide this new SBRP with what we trust the reviewers will judge to be many exciting and important strengths with high innovation in the approaches taken. ADMINISTRATIVE CORE (Williams) Description (provided by applicant) The Administrative Core oversees all Superfund Basic Research Program (SBRP) activities. The principal investigator, Dr. Williams, is at Oregon State University (OSU); the co-principal investigator, Dr. Rick Corley, is at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Core personnel have an extensive history of successfully administrating multi-investigator, multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional grants including NIEHS Centers, Training Grants and Program Projects. OSU is a leader in toxicology and environmental health research and one of only two land, sea, space and sun grant universities. Recently the College in which 8/11 Project or Core leaders reside, ranked first in citation impact (Science Watch). PNNL is one of ten National Laboratories funded by the DOE with 4200 staff members and $725 million dollars of funded grants and contracts. The SBRP investigators at PNNL reside in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory with state-of-the-art facilities for bioinformatics and biocomputing. A significant institutional commitment from the OSU Research Office includes $100,000 each year (a $25,000 increase over the original submission) to assist the Administrative Core. These funds allow for additional external advisors and cover expenses for two-way video and audio for meetings of OSU and PNNL personnel. An additional institutional commitment from the College assigns 60% of returned overhead to the principal investigator: $148,000 annually and $740,000 total. This money will be used to enhance the viability of the Program; for example the funding of pilot projects. The responsibilities of the Administrative Core can be summarized under 4 specific aims: 1) organize, conduct and evaluate meetings and other activities; 2) promote infrastructure and research enhancement; 3) conduct fiscal management; and, 4) communicate results to peers, stakeholders and the general public. A description of how these specific aims will be achieved is in the text that follows. In addition to the administrative team, with its history of working together on similar projects (crucial for specific aims 1-3), this SBRP has personnel with excellent credentials in communication to stakeholders and the general public. The investigators are confident that they have the right team to lead this effort, strong institutional support, and the right balance of structure and flexibility needed for the success of this SBRP proposal.

描述（由申请人提供） 多环芳烃（PAH）是在超级基金地点和城市环境中发现的重新出现的令人关注的环境污染物，其在碳基能源的燃烧中形成，例如，柴油、汽油、煤、石油和烹饪或烟草烟雾。世界范围内不断增长的能源需求促进了PAH的产生，导致人类接触。这个新的超级基金基础研究计划汇集了一个多学科团队，来自学术机构和国家实验室，在多环芳烃和环境健康问题方面拥有多年的经验。研究人员设计了6个创新和令人兴奋的研究项目，探索多环芳烃的新机制及其对人类健康的影响。该项目的重点是1）皮肤和经胎盘癌中的多环芳烃和预防方法; 2）使用小鼠和人类构建第一个PAH PBPK模型; 3）在多功能模型中对发育的不利影响4）开发被动采样装置，部署在超级基金站点，可在斑马鱼模型中进行测试; 5）开发分析方法，用于跟踪另一种新出现的潜在健康威胁，即纳米材料，以及6）确定PAH成分和大气沉积（在中国，燃煤发电厂和汽车的使用正在爆炸式增长）以及多环芳烃在运输到美国的过程中“老化”的影响;重点将放在高度暴露的人群（中国人和美国土著人）。研究支持核心是统计和生物信息学核心以及分析化学核心，它们提供了一个连续统一体，对于数据存储，分析和共享以及使用PAH标准和分析至关重要。项目对核心的共同使用确保了高可靠性和一致性。研究翻译中心（RTC）的人员，由医学博士指导，最大功率，具有多年的公共卫生经验，并作为研究和有接触问题的人群之间的渠道。社区外展核心与RTC密切相关，具有与关注PAH暴露的部落社区合作的经验，该核心为与公众交流科学成果开发了创造性的场所。最后，行政团队在成功管理NIEHS多研究者赠款和获得强有力的机构支持方面有着悠久的历史。这些项目的创新性，多环芳烃的高度重要性，紧密的整合，共享的资源和方法，将科学研究提炼到受影响人群的能力以及成功管理的悠久历史为这个新的SBRP提供了我们相信评审员将判断为许多令人兴奋和重要的优势，并在所采取的方法中具有高度创新性。 行政核心（威廉姆斯） 说明（申请人提供） 行政核心监督所有超级基金基础研究计划（SBRP）的活动。主要研究者威廉姆斯博士在俄勒冈州州立大学（OSU）;共同主要研究者里克·科利博士在太平洋西北国家实验室（PNNL）。核心人员在成功管理多研究者、多学科和多机构赠款（包括NIEHS中心、培训赠款和计划项目）方面有着广泛的历史。俄勒冈州立大学是毒理学和环境健康研究的领导者，也是仅有的两所陆地，海洋，太空和太阳补助大学之一。最近，8/11项目或核心领导人所在的学院在引用影响力方面排名第一（科学观察）。PNNL是美国能源部资助的十个国家实验室之一，拥有4200名工作人员和7.25亿美元的赠款和合同。在PNNL的SBRP研究人员居住在环境分子科学实验室与国家的最先进的设施，生物信息学和生物计算。俄勒冈州立大学研究办公室的一项重要机构承诺包括每年10万美元（比最初提交的数额增加2.5万美元），以协助行政核心。这些资金用于聘请额外的外部顾问，并支付俄勒冈州立大学和民族解放党人员会议的双向视频和音频费用。学院的额外机构承诺将60%的间接费用返还给首席研究员：每年148，000美元，总计740，000美元。这笔资金将用于提高该方案的可行性，例如为试点项目提供资金。行政核心的职责可以归纳为4个具体目标：1）组织、开展和评估会议和其他活动; 2）促进基础设施和研究的加强; 3）进行财政管理; 4）向同行、利益相关者和公众传达结果。下文将说明如何实现这些具体目标。除了行政团队外，该SBRP拥有在类似项目上合作的历史（对具体目标1-3至关重要），该SBRP还拥有在与利益相关者和公众沟通方面具有出色资历的人员。调查人员相信，他们有合适的团队来领导这项工作，强有力的机构支持，以及SBRP提案成功所需的结构和灵活性的适当平衡。