Neurobehavioral Determinants of Adolescent Substance Use and HIV/STD Behaviors

青少年药物使用和 HIV/STD 行为的神经行为决定因素

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    8562220
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2013-07-01 至 2018-03-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence is characterized by heightened vulnerability to health risk behaviors such as experimenting with drugs and alcohol and engaging in unsafe sexual activity that together are the major proximal causes of drug addiction and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Research in developmental neuroscience suggests that risk-taking in adolescence may derive from differing developmental trajectories of two distinct neural systems that regulate risky decisions: (i) early maturation of a reward system that biases decisions toward high-reward options, combined with (ii) late maturation of a cognitive control system that biases decisions away from options with potential negative consequences. Yet, we know very little about how developing reward and control neural systems interact to produce differential vulnerability to poor decision-making that leads to adverse health outcomes. We propose the first longitudinal analyses to examine how individual differences in developmental trajectories of reward/risk sensitivity and cognitive control are related to the development of adolescent substance use and risky sexual behaviors. We will study a sample of 120 adolescents from understudied Appalachian communities for the outcomes of substance use (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use) and HIV/STD-related risky sexual behaviors (e.g., multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex) throughout middle adolescence (13-17 years). We will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify neural correlates of risky decision- making: reward/risk sensitivity (reward system) and cognitive control (control system). We will examine our hypotheses at the neural level as well as within the context of standard assessments of behavior (e.g., executive function tasks) and self- and parent reported attributes (e.g., approach/avoidance) to obtain a more integrated understanding of the connections between reward and control systems and adolescent risk-taking. Based on our conceptual model we will test whether cognitive control statistically moderates the effects of reward/risk sensitivity on adolescent substance use and HIV/STD-related risky sexual behaviors. We hypothesize that neural patterns of hyperactive reward sensitivity and hypoactive risk sensitivity will be related to greater involvement in substance use and risky sexual behaviors, especially for those adolescents with hypoactive cognitive control. The proposed research will make theoretical contributions by providing new knowledge about the interaction between reward and control neural systems that, to our knowledge, have not been studied. Our design will also allow us to investigate the reciprocal interplay between adolescent risky behaviors and these neural processes. The findings from this work will yield critical information for identifying adolescents with high neurobiological vulnerability for developing substance abuse and risky sexual behaviors and will have the potential to improve prevention efforts to positively alter developmental pathways of youth who are at risk for drug addiction and HIV/STDs.
描述(由申请人提供):青春期的特点是更容易发生健康风险行为,例如尝试毒品和酒精以及从事不安全的性活动,这些都是吸毒成瘾和性传播疾病(STD)(包括人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染)的主要原因。发育神经科学研究表明,青春期的冒险行为可能源于调节风险决策的两个不同神经系统的不同发育轨迹:(i)奖励系统的早期成熟,使决策偏向高奖励选项;(ii)认知控制系统的较晚成熟,使决策偏向于具有潜在负面后果的选项。然而,我们对发育中的奖励和控制神经系统如何相互作用,如何产生不同的脆弱性,从而对不良决策产生不同的脆弱性,从而导致不良的健康结果,知之甚少。我们提出了第一个纵向分析,以研究奖励/风险敏感性和认知控制发展轨迹的个体差异如何与青少年物质使用和危险性行为的发展相关。我们将研究来自阿巴拉契亚社区的 120 名青少年样本,了解整个青春期中期(13-17 岁)物质使用(例如烟草、酒精、大麻和其他非法药物使用)和 HIV/STD 相关危险性行为(例如多个性伴侣和无保护性行为)的结果。我们将使用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)来识别风险决策的神经相关性:奖励/风险敏感性(奖励系统)和认知控制(控制系统)。我们将在神经水平以及行为标准评估(例如,执行功能任务)以及自我和父母报告的属性(例如,接近/回避)的背景下检验我们的假设,以获得对奖励和控制系统与青少年冒险之间联系的更全面的理解。基于我们的概念模型,我们将测试认知控制是否在统计上调节奖励/风险敏感性对青少年物质使用和艾滋病毒/性病相关危险性行为的影响。我们假设,奖励敏感性过度活跃和风险敏感性低下的神经模式将与更多地参与物质使用和危险性行为有关,特别是对于那些认知控制能力低下的青少年而言。拟议的研究将通过提供有关奖励和控制神经系统之间相互作用的新知识来做出理论贡献,据我们所知,这些知识尚未被研究过。我们的设计还将使我们能够研究青少年危险行为与这些神经过程之间的相互作用。这项工作的结果将为识别具有高度神经生物学脆弱性的青少年发展药物滥用和危险性行为提供重要信息,并将有可能改善预防工作,以积极改变有吸毒成瘾和艾滋病毒/性病风险的青少年的发展途径。

项目成果

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Brooks Casas其他文献

Brooks Casas的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Brooks Casas', 18)}}的其他基金

Direct sub-second measurement of neuromodulator signaling during risky decision-making
在风险决策过程中直接亚秒测量神经调节信号
  • 批准号:
    10579985
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:
Direct sub-second measurement of neuromodulator signaling during risky decision-making
在风险决策过程中直接亚秒测量神经调节信号
  • 批准号:
    10377347
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Social Dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder
边缘性人格障碍社交功能障碍的神经行为机制
  • 批准号:
    9897363
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Social Dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder
边缘性人格障碍社交功能障碍的神经行为机制
  • 批准号:
    10088478
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Social Dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder
边缘性人格障碍社交功能障碍的神经行为机制
  • 批准号:
    10319937
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:
Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Social Dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder
边缘性人格障碍社交功能障碍的神经行为机制
  • 批准号:
    9425864
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:
Efficacy and neural mediators of response to Trauma Management Therapy for PTSD
创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 创伤管理疗法的疗效和神经调节因子
  • 批准号:
    10663775
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:
Neurobehavioral Determinants of Adolescent Substance Use and HIV/STD Behaviors
青少年药物使用和 HIV/STD 行为的神经行为决定因素
  • 批准号:
    8687637
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:
Neurobehavioral Determinants of Health Risk Behaviors: From Adolescence to Young Adulthood
健康风险行为的神经行为决定因素:从青春期到青年期
  • 批准号:
    10201536
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:
Neurobehavioral Determinants of Adolescent Substance Use and HIV/STD Behaviors
青少年药物使用和 HIV/STD 行为的神经行为决定因素
  • 批准号:
    8811110
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 73.12万
  • 项目类别:

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