The Norwegian Mother And Child Study: Environmental Specimen Collection

挪威母子队列研究(MOBA)是一项正在进行的产前队列研究。2008年完成了登记，结果在研究中有106,980例怀孕。这项研究基于父母填写的问卷，生物标本收集自母亲、父亲和孩子。这项研究的主要目的是寻找疾病的原因。NIEHS为这项研究提供了部分支持，并在2002年扩大了数据收集方案，包括从怀孕第17周的母亲那里收集更多的生物标本(额外的血清、在无微量元素容器中收集的全血样本和尿液)。这些标本将增强检查环境暴露与儿童及其母亲的各种健康后果的关系的能力。截至2009年4月30日，77,104名受试者提供了血液和尿液，这些血液和尿液是与NIEHS一起收集的。 我们在MOBA方案中增加了在怀孕23周和29周时为一部分妇女收集额外的尿样。690名妇女有一套完整的三份怀孕尿液样本。我们之前发表了一份报告，介绍了收集尿样时使用的防腐剂如何污染了游离双酚A，并使标本难以分析其他分析物，如有机磷农药代谢物。这些资料对我们进行规划研究非常有用。未来寻求双酚A定量的研究将需要测量总的和游离的双酚A，以便可以估计结合的双酚A。与北卡罗来纳大学的斯蒂芬妮·恩格尔博士合作，我们确定可以分析样本中的有机磷农药代谢物和邻苯二甲酸盐，现在我们正在与她合作，研究这些药物与MoBA儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍的关系。我们还成功地将尿液用于研究怀孕期间对羟基苯甲酸酯等酚类化合物的可靠性。 我们还研究了母体血浆中全氟烷基物质(PFAS)浓度与MOBA队列中妇女的不同结局的关系。今年，我们正在进行的关于全氟辛烷磺酸暴露与儿童成长和儿童感染有关的研究取得了进展。我们还在完成关于口服避孕药的使用和月经模式如何影响这些化合物的血浆浓度的项目。 NIEHS的科学家已经开发了几项嵌套在MoBA中的研究。目前正在进行的研究清单包括：脑性瘫痪的危险因素，脐带血DNA甲基化的决定因素，以及关于全氟化合物暴露和健康的各个方面的其他研究。

The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) is an ongoing prebirth cohort study. Enrollment was completed in 2008 resulting in 106,980 pregnancies in the study. The study is based on questionnaires completed by the mother and father, and biological specimens are collected from the mother, father and child. The main purpose of the study is to find causes of diseases. NIEHS is providing partial support for the study, and in 2002 expanded the data collection protocol to include collection of more biologic specimens from the mothers during the 17th week of pregnancy (additional serum, a specimen of whole blood collected in a trace-element free container, and urine). These specimens will enhance the ability to examine the relation of environmental exposures in relation to various health outcomes in the children and their mothers. As of April 30, 2009, 77,104 subjects had provided blood and urine that was collected in conjunction with NIEHS. We added to the MoBa protocol the collection additional urine specimens in pregnancy, at weeks 23 and 29, for a subset of women. 690 women have a complete set of three urine specimens from pregnancy. We previously published a report about how the preservative used in the collection of the urine specimens contaminated them with free bisphenol A, and also makes the specimens difficult to analyze for other analytes such as organophosphate pesticide metabolites. This information has been useful to us in planning studies. Future studies seeking to quantitate bisphenol A will need to measure total and free BPA, so that conjuated BPA can be estimated. In collaboration with Dr. Stephanie Engel at UNC, we determined that the specimens can be analyzed for organophosphate pesticide metabolites and phthalates, and we are now collaborating with her on studies of these agents in relation to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in MoBa children. We also were successful in using the urines in a study of the reliability of phenolic compounds such as parabens during pregnancy. We also have studied the maternal plasma concentration of perfluoralkyl substances (PFAS) in relation to various outcomes among women in the MoBa cohort. This year we made progress on ongoing studies on PFAS exposure in relation to child growth, and in relation to infections in childhood. We also are completing projects on how use of oral contraceptives and menstrual patterns influence the plasma concentration of these compounds. Scientists at NIEHS have developed several studies that are nested within MoBa. A list of the studies currently ongoing includes: Risk factors for cerebral palsy, Determinants of DNA methylation in cord blood, and additional studies on perfluorinated compound exposure and various aspects of health.