Effect of early life exposure to social adversity and pesticides on risk-taking behavior of 16-18 year olds: the CHAMACOS study

早年接触社会逆境和农药对 16-18 岁青少年冒险行为的影响：CHAMACOS 研究

• 批准号: 9770856
• 负责人: Brenda Eskenazi
• 金额: $ 78.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9770856
• 关键词: 15 year old; 18 year old; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Aggressive behavior; Agriculture; Air; Air Pollution; Animal Model; Attention; Behavior; Biological Markers; Birth; California; Chemicals; Child; Child Development; Code; Cognition; Communities; Complex Mixtures; Conflict (Psychology); Crime; Crowding; Data; Data Reporting; Databases; Development; Drug usage; Dust; Early Intervention; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Impact; Etiology; Exposure to; Failure; Family; Farming environment; Fright; Funding; Generations; Goals; Grant; Home environment; Household; Housing; Human; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Justice; Latino; Lead; Life; Location; Low income; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Meteorology; Methods; Mexican Americans; Modeling; Monitor; Mothers; Neighborhoods; Organophosphates; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pesticides; Population; Poverty; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Role; Salinas Valley; School-Age Population; Schools; Sex Behavior; Statistical Methods; Substance abuse problem; Sum; Time; Toxic effect; Visit; Work; Youth; adverse outcome; agricultural community; agricultural pesticide; base; behavioral outcome; cognitive ability; cohesion; cohort; criminal behavior; cultural values; driving behavior; early adolescence; early life adversity; early life exposure; emerging adult; epidemiology study; experience; externalizing behavior; food insecurity; gang violence; high risk behavior; high school; housing instability; in utero; inorganic phosphate; maternal depression; neurotoxic; neurotoxicity; parental monitoring; pesticide exposure; physical property; prenatal; prenatal exposure; prevent; prospective; protective factors; social; stressor; success; urinary

ABSTRACT For the past 15 years, we have chronicled the development of over 600 primarily low-income, first- generation Latino children born in the Salinas Valley, known as “the nation's salad bowl.” The children of the CHAMACOS longitudinal birth cohort are now coming of age in a community identified by the Department of Justice as an epicenter of youth gang violence. Our previous research has shown that in utero exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) was associated with impaired attention and lower IQ at school age for CHAMACOS children, both of which are risk factors for adverse behavioral outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Our data also indicate that CHAMACOS children have experienced considerable early life stressors, including poverty, food insecurity, housing instability, household overcrowding, family conflict and separation, maternal depression, and fear of deportation that may predispose them to adverse outcomes. We propose to investigate the interaction of in utero exposure to a host of neurotoxic pesticides with early life social adversity in association with behavioral outcomes during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood (age 16 and ~18 years): specifically, externalizing and risk-taking behaviors, delinquent and criminal activities, and school failure versus success/graduation. Through our research, we will investigate developmental outcomes of exposure to the complex mixture of pesticides used in Salinas Valley agriculture, making use of geo-coded that allows assessment of chemicals that lack biomarkers. We will also collaborate with child development Pesticide Use Reporting data (PUR) experts to synthesize the wealth of data we have gathered on family-level and neighborhood-level adversities (e.g. poverty, crime) into cumulative adversity exposure variables corresponding to specific developmental windows (i.e. in utero, birth to age 5, and birth to age 9), and will do the same for protective factors (e.g. maintenance of positive cultural values, child-parent attachment). We hypothesize that exposure to neurotoxic pesticides and early life adversity will each independently increase adverse behavioral outcomes in adolescence/early adulthood, and that early adversity may modify the effects of pesticide exposures. We further suggest that the decreased cognitive abilities and poorer attention observed in association with pesticide exposure in CHAMACOS children at school age may mediate this relationship. Thus, the goal of this project is to evaluate the neurotoxicity of current-use pesticides and early social adversity to human populations, assess effects of early life exposure to both these chemical and non-chemical stressors on adolescent/early adult behaviors of societal concern, and identify targets for early intervention to prevent longer term poor outcomes.

抽象的 在过去的15年中，我们记录了超过600个原发性低收入的发展 在萨利纳斯山谷（Salinas Valley）出生的拉丁裔儿童，被称为“国家的沙拉碗”。孩子的孩子 Chamacos纵向出生队列现在在一个由部门确定的社区中 正义是青年帮派暴力的中心。我们以前的研究表明，在子宫内暴露 有机磷酸盐农药（OPS）与注意力受损和智商较低有关 Chamacos儿童，这都是青少年和 成年。我们的数据还表明Chamacos儿童经历了相当大的早期生活 压力源，包括贫困，粮食不安全，住房不稳定，家庭拥挤，家庭冲突和 分离，物物抑郁和对驱逐出境的恐惧，可能使他们倾向于道歉。我们 提议研究子宫内与早期神经毒性农药相互作用的相互作用 社交广告与从青春期到早期过渡期间的行为成果相关 成年（16岁和〜18岁）：具体来说，外在化和冒险行为，犯罪和犯罪 活动，学校失败与成功/毕业。 通过我们的研究，我们将研究暴露于复杂组合的发展结果 萨利纳斯谷农业中使用的农药，使用地理编码 这允许评估缺乏生物标志物的化学物质。我们还将与儿童发展合作 农药使用报告数据（PUR） 专家综合我们收集的有关家庭和社区层面逆境的数据丰富 （例如，贫困，犯罪）累积广告曝光变量，与特定的发展相对应 Windows（即在子宫内，5岁的出生以及9岁的出生），并将对保护因素也这样做（例如 维持积极的文化价值观，儿童依恋）。 我们假设暴露于神经毒性农药和早期生活广告将分别独立 增加青少年/成年早期的不良行为结果，并且早期的广告可能会改变 农药暴露的影响。我们进一步建议，认知能力降低和较差 与Chamacos儿童相关的注意力可能会导致注意力 这种关系。这是该项目的目的是评估当前使用农药的神经毒性和 早期对人类人群的社会逆境，评估早期生命对这些化学物质和 社会关注的青少年/早期成人行为的非化学压力源，并确定早期的目标 干预以防止长期不良结果。