Effect of early life exposure to social adversity and pesticides on risk-taking behavior of 16-18 year olds: the CHAMACOS study

早年接触社会逆境和农药对 16-18 岁青少年冒险行为的影响：CHAMACOS 研究

• 批准号: 9356508
• 负责人: Brenda Eskenazi
• 金额: $ 67.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9356508
• 关键词: 15 year old; 18 year old; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Aggressive behavior; Agriculture; Air; Air Pollution; Animal Model; Attention; Behavior; Biological Markers; Birth; California; Chemicals; Child; Child Development; Code; Cognition; Communities; Complex Mixtures; Conflict (Psychology); Crime; Crowding; Data; Data Reporting; Databases; Development; Drug usage; Dust; Early Intervention; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Impact; Etiology; Exposure to; Failure; Family; Farming environment; Food; Fright; Funding; Generations; Goals; Grant; Home environment; Household; Housing; Human; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Justice; Latino; Lead; Life; Location; Low income; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Meteorology; Methods; Mexican Americans; Modeling; Monitor; Mothers; Neighborhoods; Organophosphates; Outcome; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pesticides; Population; Poverty; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Role; Salinas Valley; School-Age Population; Schools; Sex Behavior; Statistical Methods; Substance abuse problem; Sum; Time; Toxic effect; Visit; Work; Youth; adverse outcome; agricultural community; agricultural pesticide; base; behavioral outcome; cognitive ability; cohesion; cohort; criminal behavior; cultural values; driving behavior; early adolescence; early life exposure; emerging adult; epidemiology study; experience; externalizing behavior; gang violence; high risk behavior; high school; housing instability; in utero; inorganic phosphate; maternal depression; neurotoxic; neurotoxicity; parental monitoring; pesticide exposure; physical property; prenatal; prenatal exposure; prevent; prospective; social; stressor; success; urinary

ABSTRACT For the past 15 years, we have chronicled the development of over 600 primarily low-income, first- generation Latino children born in the Salinas Valley, known as “the nation's salad bowl.” The children of the CHAMACOS longitudinal birth cohort are now coming of age in a community identified by the Department of Justice as an epicenter of youth gang violence. Our previous research has shown that in utero exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) was associated with impaired attention3 and lower IQ at school age for CHAMACOS children,4 both of which are risk factors for adverse behavioral outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Our data also indicate that CHAMACOS children have experienced considerable early life stressors, including poverty, food insecurity, housing instability, household overcrowding, family conflict and separation, maternal depression, and fear of deportation that may predispose them to adverse outcomes. We propose to investigate the interaction of in utero exposure to a host of neurotoxic pesticides with early life social adversity in association with behavioral outcomes during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood (age 16 and ~18 years): specifically, externalizing and risk-taking behaviors, delinquent and criminal activities, and school failure versus success/graduation. Through our research, we will investigate developmental outcomes of exposure to the complex mixture of pesticides used in Salinas Valley agriculture, making use of geo-coded that allows assessment of chemicals that lack biomarkers. We will also collaborate with child development Pesticide Use Reporting data (PUR) experts to synthesize the wealth of data we have gathered on family-level and neighborhood-level adversities (e.g. poverty, crime) into cumulative adversity exposure variables corresponding to specific developmental windows (i.e. in utero, birth to age 5, and birth to age 9), and will do the same for protective factors (e.g. maintenance of positive cultural values, child-parent attachment). We hypothesize that exposure to neurotoxic pesticides and early life adversity will each independently increase adverse behavioral outcomes in adolescence/early adulthood, and that early adversity may modify the effects of pesticide exposures. We further suggest that the decreased cognitive abilities and poorer attention observed in association with pesticide exposure in CHAMACOS children at school age may mediate this relationship. Thus, the goal of this project is to evaluate the neurotoxicity of current-use pesticides and early social adversity to human populations, assess effects of early life exposure to both these chemical and non-chemical stressors on adolescent/early adult behaviors of societal concern, and identify targets for early intervention to prevent longer term poor outcomes.

摘要