Innate Immunity: Mechanisms Linking with Adaptive Immunity

描述(由申请人提供)：本提案旨在请求支持由Luke A.J.O‘Neill、Kate A.Fitzgerald和Averil I.Ma于2010年6月7日至12日在爱尔兰都柏林举办的题为先天免疫：与适应性免疫相联系的机制的Keystone研讨会。在过去的5年里，我们对先天免疫的分子基础的了解有了显着的进步。我们现在对先天免疫受体的主要类别有了相当详细的了解，这些受体可以感知病原体，并引发免疫和炎症反应。这些受体包括Toll样受体(TLRs)、Nod样受体(NLRs)和Rig-I样受体(RLRs)。这些受体在宿主防御微生物中的作用已经被研究，它们的信号通路被阐明，它们在传染病和炎症性疾病中的作用被详细地研究。除了通过诱导各种效应机制刺激先天免疫外，这些受体还参与适应性免疫的建立。这是通过诱导关键细胞因子促进T和B细胞的发育和激活，以及通过诱导树突状细胞表面的共刺激分子，特别是CD80和CD86来实现的。最后一个方面与佐剂有关--激活这些受体的微生物或合成试剂充当建立记忆反应所需的强大佐剂。先天免疫和获得性免疫之间的接口继续揭示新的成分和机制，最终可能有助于治疗操作。感知病原体(特别是核酸)的新受体和激活它们的机制正在被发现。从适应性免疫到先天免疫的负反馈循环正在被揭示。进化方面也为复杂的哺乳动物免疫系统是如何形成的提供了洞察力。这次会议将汇集研究这些受体激活的先天免疫机制的科学家，并将这些受体的能力及其引发的反应作为关键焦点，以促进适应性免疫。因此，这次会议将引起许多对免疫和免疫系统在疾病中所起作用感兴趣的研究人员的兴趣。近年来，在理解微生物入侵者是如何被天然免疫系统识别的，以及感知如何转化为最终导致免疫反应基因转录调控的信号通路方面，我们已经取得了相当大的进展。关于天然免疫：与适应性免疫相联系的机制的Keystone研讨会将汇集致力于天然免疫传感机制和适应性免疫的世界知名科学家，并将引起研究免疫、传染病以及免疫系统在自身免疫和炎症性疾病中所起作用的研究人员的兴趣。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is to request support for a Keystone Symposia meeting entitled Innate Immunity: Mechanisms Linking with Adaptive Immunity, organized by Luke A.J. O'Neill, Kate A. Fitzgerald and Averil I. Ma, which will be held in Dublin, Ireland from June 7 - 12, 2010. In the past 5 years there have been remarkable advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of innate immunity. We now have considerable detail on the major classes of innate immune receptors that sense pathogens and provoke immune and inflammatory responses. These include the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). The role these receptors play in host defense against microbes has been studied, their signaling pathways elucidated, and their roles in infectious and inflammatory diseases examined in detail. As well as stimulating innate immunity via induction of various effector mechanisms, these receptors also participate in the establishment of adaptive immunity. This occurs via the induction of key cytokines to promote T and B cell development and activation, and also via the induction of co-stimulatory molecules on the surface of dendritic cells, notably CD80 and CD86. A final aspect concerns adjuvancy - microbial or synthetic agents that activate these receptors act as powerful adjuvants required for the establishment of memory responses. The interface between innate and adaptive immunity continues to reveal novel components and mechanisms which might ultimately lend themselves to therapeutic manipulation. New receptors that sense pathogens (particularly nucleic acids) and the mechanisms that activate them are being uncovered. Negative feedback loops from adaptive immunity back to innate immunity are being revealed. Evolutionary aspects are also providing insights into how the complex mammalian immune system was formed. This conference will bring together scientists working on innate immune mechanisms activated by these receptors, and will have as a key focus the ability of these receptors and the responses they elicit to promote adaptive immunity. The conference will therefore be of interest to many investigators interested in immunity and the role the immune system plays in disease. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in our understanding of how microbial invaders are recognized by the innate immune system and how sensing translates into signaling pathways that culminate in the transcriptional regulation of immune response genes. The Keystone Symposia meeting on Innate Immunity: Mechanisms Linking with Adaptive Immunity will bring together world-renowned scientists working on innate immune sensing mechanisms and adaptive immunity, and will be of interest to researchers investigating immunity, infectious disease and the role the immune system plays in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.