21st Century Imaging Sciences: Graduate Student Training

项目总结： 成像方面的革命性进展推动了生物医学科学的发现。这些方面的进展 成像依赖于整个物理和生物科学中的技术创新。在最近 几十年来，一些重大突破突显了这种相互依存的重要性 技术与生物医学科学的关系。一项重要的发现最终导致了 2008年诺贝尔奖是钱存训等人的作品。这导致了结构、表达和优化 生物医学成像应用的荧光蛋白。还有其他的关键发现在 影像技术、造影剂和临床应用领域。例如，多模式 随着图像的发展，包括PET/CT和PET/MR在内的成像技术也得到了飞速的发展 融合技术，用于组合来自不同生物研究的多模式成像研究的数据集 比例尺、空间和时间分辨率。多模纳米粒子成像技术的主要进展 代理人已经利用了无数的成像平台，从显微镜到MRI和PET。 超极化~(13)C磁共振与同时使用最先进的PET/MR的~(11)C PET 扫描仪有望在临床前和临床分子成像领域带来一场革命。光学研究进展 技术继续快速发展，最近出现了超分辨率显微镜(诺贝尔奖 化学)和光遗传学(庆应义乌医学奖，2014)彻底改变了 科学。 21世纪影像科学面临的挑战和前沿领域是什么？以下是 举例说明了与基础科学和翻译科学的进步相互关联的挑战。 (1)随着细胞治疗和组织工程学的进步，干细胞的无创成像将成为 需要确定送货到目标地点。(2)开发更多混合成像系统，如 PET和光学或光声成像。(3)具有多模式成像能力的纳米颗粒和 药物有效载荷将得到优化，并进入临床试验。必须通过以下方式应对这些挑战 由工程师、物理学家、计算机科学家、数学家、化学家、 生物学家和内科医生在生物、技术和医学之间的接口上共同工作 开发新的成像技术、模式和应用。因此，华盛顿大学 启动了成像科学途径(ISP)，最初是通过T90-R90路线图计划拨款 一直到2010年。这项提议要求在基础广泛的T32机制下继续支持 我国影像科学路径中博士前学生的跨学科培养。

Project Summary: Revolutionary advances in imaging drive discovery in the biomedical sciences. These advances in imaging depend on innovations in technology throughout the physical and biological sciences. In recent decades, a number of significant breakthroughs have underscored the importance of this interdependent relationship between technology and biomedical science. One important discovery that culminated in the 2008 Nobel Prize was the work of Tsien et al. that led to the structure, expression, and optimization of fluorescent proteins for biomedical imaging applications. There have been other key discoveries in the areas of imaging technology, contrast agents and clinical applications. For example, multimodality imaging, including PET/CT and PET/MR, has evolved at a rapid pace, along with development of image fusion technology for combining data sets from multimodal imaging studies obtained at various biological scales, spatial and temporal resolutions. Major advances in multimodality nanoparticle based imaging agents have taken advantage of the myriad of imaging platforms, from microscopy to MRI and PET. Hyperpolarized 13C MR in concert with simultaneous 11C PET employing state-of-the-art PET/MR scanners promises a revolution in preclinical and clinical molecular imaging. Advances in optical techniques have continued a rapid pace with most recently, super resolution microscopy (Nobel Prize in chemistry, 2014), and optogenetics (Keio Medical Science Prize, 2014) revolutionizing the biological sciences. What are the challenges and frontier domains of imaging sciences in the 21st century? The following examples describe challenges that are interconnected with advances in basic and translational sciences. (1) With progress in cell therapy and tissue engineering, noninvasive imaging of stem cells will be needed to ascertain delivery to target sites. (2) More hybrid imaging systems will be developed, such as PET and optical or photoacoustic imaging. (3) Nanoparticles with multimodality imaging capabilities and drug payloads will be optimized and moved into clinical trials. These challenges must be met by interdisciplinary teams of engineers, physicists, computer scientists, mathematicians, chemists, biologists, and physicians working together at the interfaces between biology, technology, and medicine to develop new imaging technologies, modalities, and applications. Washington University therefore launched the Imaging Sciences Pathway (ISP), initially through a T90-R90 Roadmap Initiative grant through 2010. This proposal requests continued support under a broad-based T32 mechanism for the interdisciplinary training of predoctoral students in our Imaging Sciences Pathway.