Sources of Airborne PCB Congeners

概要：项目4 -空气中多氯联苯的来源 项目4涉及简化报告程序的任务，即改进方法， 超级基金化学品我们将确定和描述空气中多氯联苯的来源 在学校和家庭，以及附近的超级基金网站与多氯联苯污染的沉积物。空气污染源 多氯联苯可能包括被传统多氯联苯污染的建筑材料以及消费品 在生产过程中无意中被多氯联苯污染。我们的核心假设是 空气中多氯联苯的排放量是多氯联苯同系物的特性、环境 变量和PCB所在的暴露表面。我们将检查所有PCB同系物， 空气中多氯联苯的多氯联苯和非多氯联苯来源。我们将评估材料和产品的排放 在我们的合作伙伴社区的学校和社区中发现，使用准确，精确， 可复制的项目4产生的数据将有助于作出具有成本效益的清除决定。 我们将通过追求以下具体目标来解决项目4的中心假设：目标1：我们将开发 新型被动取样材料。我们将设计和制造量身定制的电纺纤维毡（ENM） 作为被动空气采样的有效且适应性强的材料。我们将设计、校准和部署采样器 配备了这种新材料，以检测和测量环境中的多氯联苯同系物。目标2：我们 查明学校和家庭中空气传播的多氯联苯的具体来源。ISRP的研究已经表明， 被Aroclor污染的建筑材料和被非Aroclor污染的消费品 多氯联苯的同系物可能导致室内空气中多氯联苯含量较高。我们将在学校测量空气中的多氯联苯， 爱荷华州的哥伦布交界处和西自由的住宅;生成学校潜在来源的清单 并测量这些材料的排放量。我们还将开发新的实验室方法来测量 排放量，并将应用计算流体动力学模型的教室，以确定每一个角色， 材料或消费品作为空气中PCB的来源。目标3：我们将描述 污染的沃茨。我们假设受污染的沃茨是一个主要的户外污染源， 全国范围内的空气中多氯联苯暴露。我们将使用现有的公共数据来预测排放，分散， 这些沃茨周围社区的年平均空气浓度。我们将测试我们的预测， 空气中多氯联苯的本地测量，并将我们的发现传达给当地社区和环境保护部门。 包括EPA在内的环保部门。我们的研究需要与ISRP分析核心密切合作， 社区参与核心，数据管理和分析核心。通过这些合作， 项目4将提供战略，确定技术上和经济上切实可行的补救办法的优先次序， 重点是减少接触多氯联苯。

SUMMARY: Project 4 – Sources of Airborne PCBs Project 4 addresses SRP mandates for improved methods for detecting and assessing the hazards of Superfund chemicals. We will identify and characterize sources of airborne polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) within schools and homes, and near superfund sites with PCB-contaminated sediments. Sources of airborne PCBs may include building materials contaminated with legacy Aroclor PCBs, as well as consumer products that are inadvertently contaminated with PCBs through the manufacturing process. Our central hypothesis is that emissions of airborne PCBs are a function of the properties of the PCB congeners, environmental variables, and exposed surfaces in which the PCBs reside. We will examine all PCB congeners, and both Aroclor and non-Aroclor sources of airborne PCBs. We will evaluate emissions from materials and products found in schools and neighborhoods in our partner communities using methods that are accurate, precise, and reproducible. Data produced by Project 4 will enable cost-effective decisions for their removal. We will address Project 4’s central hypothesis by pursuing the following Specific Aims: Aim 1: We will develop novel passive sampling materials. We will design and manufacture tailored electrospun nanofiber mat (ENM) as an efficient and adaptable material for passive air sampling. We will design, calibrate, and deploy samplers equipped with this novel material to detect and measure PCB congeners in the environment. Aim 2: We will identify specific sources of airborne PCBs in schools and homes. ISRP research has already shown that building materials contaminated with Aroclors, and consumer products contaminated with non-Aroclor congeners, can contribute to high levels of PCBs in indoor air. We will measure airborne PCBs in schools and homes of Columbus Junction and West Liberty, Iowa; generate an inventory of potential sources in the school rooms; and measure emissions from those materials. We will also develop new laboratory methods to measure emissions and will apply computational fluid dynamics modeling of school rooms to determine the role of each material or consumer product as a source of airborne PCBs. Aim 3: We will characterize emissions from contaminated waters nation-wide. We hypothesize that contaminated waters are a major outdoor source of airborne PCB exposure nation-wide. We will use existing public data to predict emissions, dispersion, and annual median air concentrations in communities surrounding these waters. We will test our prediction through local measurements of airborne PCBs and communicate our findings to local communities and environmental protection officials, including the EPA. Our studies require close collaboration with the ISRP Analytical Core, Community Engagement Core, and Data Management and Analysis Core. Through these collaborations, Project 4 will provide strategies to prioritize technically and economically practical remediation options that focus on reduction of exposure to PCBs.