Airborne PCBs: Sources, Exposures, Toxicities, Remediation

摘要：爱荷华州超级基金研究计划总体情况 爱荷华州超级基金研究计划（ISRP）是一个卓越的研究中心，专注于多氯联苯 联苯（PCBs）。多氯联苯在世纪中期被广泛生产，并用于数千种产品， 从普通家居用品到建筑材料，直到40年前禁止使用化学品。今天， 人们仍然在室内和超级基金场地周围的社区接触多氯联苯。最近的ISRP 研究表明，空气中的多氯联苯提出了一个特别紧迫的问题：吸入空气中的多氯联苯 可能是人类接触这些重要有毒化学品的最重要途径。ISRP的长期- 长期目标是制定建议，以防止和/或限制人类接触空气中的多氯联苯， 改善人民的健康和福祉。ISRP的更新将侧重于空气中的多氯联苯，特别是 建筑物（特别是学校）和受污染的沃茨（包括超级基金场地）排放的污染物。我们将 研究吸入多氯联苯对健康的影响，特别是对青少年的影响，重点是神经发育 和新陈代谢的影响。ISRP将通过以下综合具体措施实现其长期目标 目的：1）阐明低氯多氯联苯对青少年毒性的生化机制。两 项目将解决多氯联苯及其代谢物是如何改变神经发育的风险因素， 青春期以及这些化合物干扰脂质代谢的机制。2)定义 易感人群，评估这些化合物的暴露和积累（特别是在 学校），并评估空气与饮食接触的相对重要性。三组 母亲和青少年将帮助我们评估个人暴露于空气中的多氯联苯，具体 环境中的化学品，以及与通过饮食接触相比，吸入接触的重要性。第三章 减少建筑材料、产品和受污染沉积物中的多氯联苯的气载排放。 我们将调查室内环境中空气中多氯联苯的来源， 从受污染的沃茨中去除污染物，并确定具有成本效益的战略，以消除或减少排放。这包括 开发一种新的方法，使用新的材料来隔离沉积物中的低氯化多氯联苯， 通过微生物过程分解多氯联苯，以减少受污染沃茨的多氯联苯排放。4)火车 并吸引新的科学家进入环境健康科学领域。我们的培训计划将提高 数据科学，化学分析，社区参与和研究翻译的研究技能。第五章） 让科学界和利益相关者参与ISRP研究的双向沟通 优先事项、调查结果和建议。我们将交流ISRP的研究方法， 调查结果，以广泛的研究人员，机构和社区利益相关者，以最大限度地发挥影响， 使社区能够做出及时、知情的决定，以减少当地的多氯联苯接触。

SUMMARY: Iowa Superfund Research Program Overall The Iowa Superfund Research Program (ISRP) is a center of research excellence focused on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs were widely produced in the mid-20th century and used in thousands of products, from common household items to construction materials, until the chemicals were banned 40 years ago. Today, people are still exposed to PCBs indoors and in communities surrounding Superfund sites. Recent ISRP research demonstrated that airborne PCBs present an especially urgent problem: Inhalation of airborne PCBs may be the most significant route for human exposure to these important toxic chemicals. The ISRP’s long- term goal is to develop recommendations to prevent and/or limit human exposure to airborne PCBs and to improve the health and well-being of the population. The ISRP renewal will focus on PCBs in air, particularly in buildings (especially schools) and those emitted from contaminated waters (including Superfund sites). We will examine the health impacts of inhaled PCBs, particularly on adolescents, with a focus on neurodevelopmental and metabolic effects. The ISRP will accomplish its long-term goal through the following integrated Specific Aims: 1) Clarify the biochemical mechanisms of toxicity of lower-chlorinated PCBs in adolescence. Two projects will address how PCBs and their metabolites are risk factors for altered neurodevelopment during adolescence and the mechanisms by which these compounds interfere with lipid metabolism. 2) Define susceptible populations, assess exposure and accumulation of these compounds (particularly in schools), and evaluate the relative importance of airborne vs. dietary exposure. Three cohorts of mothers and adolescents will help us evaluate individuals’ exposure to airborne PCBs, the specific environments that contribute to inhalation exposure, and its importance compared to exposure through diet. 3) Reduce emissions of airborne PCBs from building materials, products, and contaminated sediments. We will investigate sources of airborne PCBs in indoor environments, determine the magnitude of emissions from contaminated waters, and identify cost-effective strategies to remove or reduce emissions. This includes development of a new approach using novel materials to sequester lower chlorinated PCBs in sediments and break down PCBs through microbial processes to reduce PCB emissions from contaminated waters. 4) Train and attract new scientists to the environmental health sciences. Our training program will enhance research skills in data science, chemical analysis, community engagement, and research translation. 5) Engage the scientific community and stakeholders in bi-directional communication on ISRP research priorities, findings, and recommendations. We will communicate the ISRP’s research approaches and findings to a wide range of researchers, agencies, and community stakeholders to maximize impact and enable communities to make timely, informed decisions to reduce local PCB exposure.