A Panel Study of Environmental and Organizational Decline

组织如何应对不断减少的资源和机会，对于了解组织随着时间的推移而发展的方式至关重要。这项研究考察了组织结构、组织衰落和对衰退的战略反应之间的相互作用。它侧重于组织内部的约束类型，这些约束妨碍了对环境衰退的某些战略反应，从而助长了组织的惰性。Galaskiewicz博士特别谈到了位于明尼阿波利斯-圣彼得堡双子城的非营利组织的行动。保罗。非营利组织面临着联邦政府支持的严重削减。这项研究的目的是了解为什么一些非营利组织在面临这些削减时，采取紧缩战略，而另一些非营利组织则寻求新的资金来源，提高现有商品和服务的价格，或者开展公关活动。假设战略的选择取决于组织的产品线、组织内部的权力结构、组织的文化、闲置资源的可用性以及资产的特殊性。这项研究利用了对201个非营利组织的现有调查，这些组织的代表在1981年和1984年接受了采访。它包括新一轮面谈，以便对这些组织进行小组调查，以便能够分析随着时间的推移发生的变化。这项研究的第二个重点涉及企业捐赠水平的决定因素。通过采访总部设在明尼阿波利斯-圣彼得堡的上市商业公司的代表。这项研究将揭示为什么在资源紧张的环境条件下，企业慈善事业实际上自1980年以来有所增加。双子城的企业就是一个很好的例子，因为他们的企业慈善水平在全国名列前茅。假设是，如果社会责任伦理成为企业文化的一部分，贡献就会更大，而且这应该独立于公司的市场地位、高管与当地精英的关系和盈利能力。这项研究考察了一些重要而及时的问题，涉及以慈善形式在城市社区中的公司和非营利组织之间发展的联系。但它使用慈善和非营利组织的具体实例来审查涉及组织的更广泛的问题。因此，它应该对组织衰落和重新定位的过程产生有价值的见解。

How organizations respond to declining resources and opportunities is crucial to understanding the way organizations develop over time. This study examines the interplay between organizational structures, organizational decline, and the strategic response to that decline. It focuses on the types of constraints within the organization itself that precluded certain strategic responses to environmental decline and thus contribute to organizational inertia. Dr. Galaskiewicz addresses specifically the actions of nonprofit organizations located in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis-St. Paul. Nonprofit organizations have faced severe cutbacks in federal support. The goal of this study is to understand why some non-profit organization, in the face of these cutbacks, pursued retrenchment strategies, while other pursued new funding sources, increased prices for current goods and services, or else engaged in public relations campaigns. The hypothesis is that the choice of strategy depends upon the organization's product line, the power structure within the organization, the organization's culture, the availability of slack resources, and the specificity of assets. The study draws on existing surveys of 201 nonprofit organizations, representatives of which were interviewed in 1981 and 1984. It involves a new round of interviews, in order to create a panel survey of these organizations that will permit the analysis of changes over time. A second focus of the study involves the determinants of the level of corporate giving. By interviewing representatives of publicly held business corporations headquartered in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area the study will shed light on why, under environmental conditions of tight resources, corporate philanthropy has in fact increased since 1980. Corporations in the Twin Cities are a good case in point since their levels of corporate philanthropy are among the highest in the nation. The hypothesis is that contributions will be greater if an ethic of social responsibility has become part of the corporate culture, and that this should be independent of a firm's market position, executives' ties to local elites, and profitability. This research examines some important and timely problems involving the linkages, in the form of philanthropy, that develop between corporations and nonprofit groups in urban communities. But it uses the specific instances of philanthropy and nonprofit groups to examine broader issues involving organizations more generally. Accordingly, it should produce valuable insights on the processes of organizational decline and rentrenchment.