Organizations and their Impact on the Urban Community

亚利桑那州大学约瑟夫·加拉斯凯维奇研究的一般目的是了解组织机构如何以及为什么位于城市景观中的位置，以及这些机构的位置如何影响家庭生活。在这一阶段的研究中，第一个目标是看看2003年测量的组织密度(社区中的组织数量)是否影响了调查者在过去五年中跟踪的凤凰城大都市区619个组织的样本的战略、业绩、搬迁和存活率。第二个目标是在五年期间(2004-2008年)说明为儿童提供服务/活动的组织(如体育俱乐部、电影院和游乐园)在大都市社区各地区的出生率和死亡率。为了实现第一个目标，调查员将通过重新联系619个小组机构的管理人员/管理人员/主管/业主，记录这些机构的状况(开放、关闭、搬迁)，2003年收集了这些机构的第一批数据。利用与它们相似的机构人口的当前数据，调查员将使用空间回归技术来查看2003年的组织密度是否能解释它们的现状。为了解决第二个目标，调查者将汇编2008年凤凰城-梅萨大都市区在周六为儿童提供活动的大约50,000-55,000个非营利组织、政府和商业机构的名称、地址和电话号码，重复2003年的研究。然后，研究人员将使用生态学和新制度理论来研究不同亚群和大都市社区不同地区的密度变化，以确定解释不同亚群增长和下降的因素。这项工作具有更广泛的意义，因为儿童参与不同类型的活动对他们的教育、情感和社会发展非常重要，但并不是所有的儿童都有平等的机会获得高质量的计划、活动和机会。这项研究的主要重点是更好地了解减少或复制社会不平等的城市机构。此前的调查结果显示，2003年凤凰城地区儿童在周六的活动(如游泳、购物或踢足球)以及他们使用的场馆(如营利性、非营利性或政府)直接受到其邮政编码中不同类型组织的数量的影响。对于来自低收入家庭的儿童来说，情况尤其如此。这项研究考察了组织机构地理分布的动因。这一知识可能被用来激励提供者在服务不足的地区寻找/停留，并使家庭能够宣传这些服务和/或创建自己的组织资源。

SES-0852641Joseph GalaskiewiczUniversity of ArizonaThe general purpose of the research is to understand how and why organizational establishments are located where they are across the urban landscape and how the location of these establishments affects the lives of families. In this phase of the research the first objective is to see if organizational densities (the number of organizations in a neighborhood), measured in 2003, affected the strategy, performance, relocation, and survival rates of a sample of 619 organizations in the Phoenix metropolitan area that the investigator has been following for the past five years. The second objective is to explain over a five year period (2004-08) the birth and death rates, across areas of the metropolitan community, of entire sub-populations of organizations that provide services/activities for children (e.g., sports clubs, movie theatres, and amusement parks). To address the first objective the investigators will document the status (open, closed, moved) of the 619 panel establishments on which first data were gathered in 2003 by recontacting the administrators/managers/supervisors/ owners of these establishments. With current data on the population of establishments that are similar to them, the investigator will use spatial regression techniques to see if organizational densities in 2003 explain their current status. To address the second objective, the investigator will compile the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the estimated 50,000-55,000 nonprofit, government, and business establishments which provide activities for children on Saturdays in the Phoenix-Mesa metropolitan area in 2008, replicating the 2003 study. The investigator will then look at the change in densities across sub-populations and across areas of the metropolitan community to identify the factors that explain growth and decline in various sub-populations using ecological and neo-institutional theories.The work has broader significance, because children's access to different types of activities is important for their educational, emotional, and social development, yet not all children have equal access to high quality programs, activities, and opportunities. The major focus of the study is to better understand the urban institutions that reduce or reproduce inequality in society. Previously findings showed that what children did (e.g., swim, shop, or play soccer) and which venues they used (e.g., for-profit, nonprofit, or government)on Saturdays in the Phoenix metro area in 2003 were directly affected by the number of different kinds of organizations in their zip codes. This was especially true for children from low income families. This research examines the dynamics which underlie the geographical distribution of organizational establishments. This knowledge could potentially be used to motivate providers to locate/stay in under-served areas and to empower families to advocate for these services and/or to create their own organizational resources.