Organizations and their Impact on the Urban Community

这项研究的一般目的是了解组织机构如何以及为什么位于城市景观中的各个位置，以及这些机构的位置如何影响家庭的生活。在这一阶段的研究中，第一个目标是看看2003年测量的组织密度（一个社区的组织数量）是否影响了凤凰城市区619个组织的战略、绩效、搬迁和存活率，研究者在过去的五年里一直在跟踪这些组织。第二个目标是在五年期间（2004- 2008年）解释大都市社区各地区为儿童提供服务/活动的组织（如体育俱乐部、电影院和游乐园）的整个子群体的出生率和死亡率。为了实现第一个目标，调查人员将通过重新联系这些机构的行政人员/经理/主管/所有者，记录2003年首次收集数据的619家小组机构的状态（开放、关闭、移动）。有了与之相似的机构的现有人口数据，研究者将使用空间回归技术来观察2003年的组织密度是否能解释它们的现状。为了实现第二个目标，研究者将在2008年复制2003年的研究，收集大约50,000-55,000家非营利机构、政府机构和商业机构的姓名、地址和电话号码，这些机构在凤凰城-梅萨大都会区星期六为儿童提供活动。然后，研究者将研究不同亚种群和大都市社区不同区域的密度变化，以利用生态学和新制度理论确定解释不同亚种群增长和下降的因素。这项工作具有更广泛的意义，因为儿童参加不同类型的活动对他们的教育、情感和社会发展都很重要，但并非所有儿童都有平等的机会参加高质量的项目、活动和机会。这项研究的主要重点是更好地理解减少或再现社会不平等的城市制度。先前的研究结果表明，2003年凤凰城都会区儿童周六做什么（例如，游泳，购物或踢足球）以及他们使用的场所（例如，营利，非营利或政府）直接受到邮政编码中不同类型组织数量的影响。低收入家庭的孩子尤其如此。这项研究考察了组织机构地理分布背后的动力。这种知识可能被用来激励提供者在服务不足的地区找到/留在那里，并使家庭能够倡导这些服务和/或创建自己的组织资源。

SES-0852641Joseph GalaskiewiczUniversity of ArizonaThe general purpose of the research is to understand how and why organizational establishments are located where they are across the urban landscape and how the location of these establishments affects the lives of families. In this phase of the research the first objective is to see if organizational densities (the number of organizations in a neighborhood), measured in 2003, affected the strategy, performance, relocation, and survival rates of a sample of 619 organizations in the Phoenix metropolitan area that the investigator has been following for the past five years. The second objective is to explain over a five year period (2004-08) the birth and death rates, across areas of the metropolitan community, of entire sub-populations of organizations that provide services/activities for children (e.g., sports clubs, movie theatres, and amusement parks). To address the first objective the investigators will document the status (open, closed, moved) of the 619 panel establishments on which first data were gathered in 2003 by recontacting the administrators/managers/supervisors/ owners of these establishments. With current data on the population of establishments that are similar to them, the investigator will use spatial regression techniques to see if organizational densities in 2003 explain their current status. To address the second objective, the investigator will compile the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the estimated 50,000-55,000 nonprofit, government, and business establishments which provide activities for children on Saturdays in the Phoenix-Mesa metropolitan area in 2008, replicating the 2003 study. The investigator will then look at the change in densities across sub-populations and across areas of the metropolitan community to identify the factors that explain growth and decline in various sub-populations using ecological and neo-institutional theories.The work has broader significance, because children's access to different types of activities is important for their educational, emotional, and social development, yet not all children have equal access to high quality programs, activities, and opportunities. The major focus of the study is to better understand the urban institutions that reduce or reproduce inequality in society. Previously findings showed that what children did (e.g., swim, shop, or play soccer) and which venues they used (e.g., for-profit, nonprofit, or government)on Saturdays in the Phoenix metro area in 2003 were directly affected by the number of different kinds of organizations in their zip codes. This was especially true for children from low income families. This research examines the dynamics which underlie the geographical distribution of organizational establishments. This knowledge could potentially be used to motivate providers to locate/stay in under-served areas and to empower families to advocate for these services and/or to create their own organizational resources.