Organizations and their Impact on the Urban Community

SES-0852641约瑟夫Galaskiewicz亚利桑那大学研究的一般目的是了解如何和为什么组织机构位于他们在城市景观，以及这些机构的位置如何影响家庭的生活。 在这一阶段的研究的第一个目标是，如果组织密度（在一个街区的组织数量），在2003年测量，影响的战略，性能，搬迁，和生存率的一个样本的619个组织在凤凰城都会区，调查员一直在过去五年。 第二个目标是解释五年期间（2004-08年）大都市社区各地区为儿童提供服务/活动的组织（例如，体育俱乐部、电影院和游乐园）。 为了实现第一个目标，调查人员将通过重新联系这些机构的行政人员/经理/主管/业主，记录2003年收集第一批数据的619个小组机构的状况（开放、关闭、搬迁）。 与目前的数据，人口的机构，是类似的，调查员将使用空间回归技术，看看组织密度在2003年解释其目前的状态。 为了实现第二个目标，调查人员将收集2008年凤凰城-梅萨大都市地区约50，000 - 55，000家非营利、政府和商业机构的名称、地址和电话号码，这些机构在星期六为儿童提供活动，复制2003年的研究。 研究人员将研究各亚群和大都市社区各区域的密度变化，以确定使用生态学和新制度理论解释各亚群增长和下降的因素。这项工作具有更广泛的意义，因为儿童参与不同类型的活动对他们的教育，情感和社会发展非常重要，然而，并非所有儿童都能平等地获得高质量的方案、活动和机会。 这项研究的主要重点是更好地了解减少或再现社会不平等的城市机构。 以前的研究结果表明，孩子们所做的（例如，游泳、购物或踢足球）以及他们使用的场地（例如，2003年，在凤凰城市区，星期六（营利性、非营利性或政府）的收入直接受到邮政编码内不同类型组织数量的影响。 对于低收入家庭的孩子来说，尤其如此。 本研究探讨了组织机构地理分布的动态基础。 这种知识可能被用来激励提供者找到/留在服务不足的地区，并使家庭能够倡导这些服务和/或创建自己的组织资源。

SES-0852641Joseph GalaskiewiczUniversity of ArizonaThe general purpose of the research is to understand how and why organizational establishments are located where they are across the urban landscape and how the location of these establishments affects the lives of families. In this phase of the research the first objective is to see if organizational densities (the number of organizations in a neighborhood), measured in 2003, affected the strategy, performance, relocation, and survival rates of a sample of 619 organizations in the Phoenix metropolitan area that the investigator has been following for the past five years. The second objective is to explain over a five year period (2004-08) the birth and death rates, across areas of the metropolitan community, of entire sub-populations of organizations that provide services/activities for children (e.g., sports clubs, movie theatres, and amusement parks). To address the first objective the investigators will document the status (open, closed, moved) of the 619 panel establishments on which first data were gathered in 2003 by recontacting the administrators/managers/supervisors/ owners of these establishments. With current data on the population of establishments that are similar to them, the investigator will use spatial regression techniques to see if organizational densities in 2003 explain their current status. To address the second objective, the investigator will compile the names, addresses, and telephone numbers of the estimated 50,000-55,000 nonprofit, government, and business establishments which provide activities for children on Saturdays in the Phoenix-Mesa metropolitan area in 2008, replicating the 2003 study. The investigator will then look at the change in densities across sub-populations and across areas of the metropolitan community to identify the factors that explain growth and decline in various sub-populations using ecological and neo-institutional theories.The work has broader significance, because children's access to different types of activities is important for their educational, emotional, and social development, yet not all children have equal access to high quality programs, activities, and opportunities. The major focus of the study is to better understand the urban institutions that reduce or reproduce inequality in society. Previously findings showed that what children did (e.g., swim, shop, or play soccer) and which venues they used (e.g., for-profit, nonprofit, or government)on Saturdays in the Phoenix metro area in 2003 were directly affected by the number of different kinds of organizations in their zip codes. This was especially true for children from low income families. This research examines the dynamics which underlie the geographical distribution of organizational establishments. This knowledge could potentially be used to motivate providers to locate/stay in under-served areas and to empower families to advocate for these services and/or to create their own organizational resources.