Choice and the Development of Affect

我们如何决定做出哪些选择，选择哪些选项，以及放弃哪些选项？尽管决策当然可能是经过深思熟虑的结果，但这项研究考察了情感(或感觉)在帮助我们在复杂和不确定的世界中做出选择时所起的作用。之前的研究集中在简单选择中情感的发展，这些选择要么产生好的结果，要么产生坏的结果(但不是好的和坏的)。然而，在现实生活中，我们很少遇到完全奖励或完全惩罚的情况或对象。在这一系列的项目中，我们将重点关注情感如何发展并影响在复杂的得失权衡的选项中的选择。这项拟议的研究将解决三个重要问题：(1)当我们对选项有好有坏的经历时，从这些经历中学习如何影响我们的感觉和选择？(2)我们对选项的感觉是否可以改变并影响我们的选择，而不会改变我们对该选项的客观事实？(3)对于感觉来说，仔细思考是必要的，以指导我们做出选择吗？

How do we decide what choices to make, what options to choose, and what options to forsake? Although decisions can certainly be the result to careful thought, the present research examines the role of affect (or feelings) in helping us to navigate through the complex and uncertain choices of our world. Previous research has focused on the devlopment of affect among simple choices that yield either good or bad outcomes (but not both good and bad). In real life, however, we rarely encounter situations or objects that are completely rewarding or altogether punishing. In this series of projects we will focus on how affective feelings might develop and influence choices among options that are complex mitures of gains and losses. Three important questions will be addressed in the proposed research: (1) When we have both good and bad experiences with options, how does learning from these experiences influences our feelings and our choices?; (2) Can our feelings about an option be changed and influence our choices without any change to the objective facts we "know" about that option?; and (3) Is careful thought necessary for feelings to guide the choices we make?