Nasca Population Nucleation and Residential Agglutination in the Late Intermediate Period

人口从农村城镇向大中心的流动仍然是人类住区中最常见但最引人注目的趋势之一。 研究人员在解释市场社会中的这种人口核心化时几乎没有遇到什么麻烦。 然而，事实证明，这些基于市场的办法在不受市场机构支配的社会或社会各阶层中用处不大。 由于这些社会普遍没有文字，也没有留下任何文字记录，考古学提供了研究这些社会长期人口变化的唯一手段。维维安娜·西韦罗尼将调查秘鲁纳斯卡山谷前西班牙安第斯山脉非市场人口的按时间顺序的定居趋势。最近的考古学研究揭示了公元550年至公元950年之间的巨大区域变化，包括：（a）随着人们涌向大型中心，许多农村家园和定居点被放弃;（B）长期存在的意识形态和仪式实践（包括与著名的纳斯卡“线”相关的意识形态和仪式实践）的结束;以及（c）即使政治权力下放也在增加，社会分层也在增加。 人们对伴随这些广泛的区域变化而在家庭或社区一级发生的变化一无所知。 Siveroni将通过挖掘和比较可追溯到这一时期早期的农村（Las Carretas）的居民区与可追溯到这一时期晚期的中心（Huayuri）的居民区来调查潜在的变化。 她的工作将探索社区宗教习俗，社会结构和政治组织，同时关注经济活动的潜在变化。 该研究的一个关键目标是探索人口成核和家庭经济重组之间的关系动态。该项目的重要性在于，Siveroni将评估几个理论模型，其中家庭和社区层面的过程本身就是区域人口成核的原因。 因此，这项研究代表了一种尝试，以一种新的方式将分析层次联系起来。 必须在区域一级观察和研究人口成核等过程，但其原因可能存在于次区域一级，甚至是家庭或个人行为者一级。在一个不受理性市场力量支配的世界里，记录人类的动机和社会进程是这种解释性考古学的重要贡献;将这项工作直接放在当前位置地理学和政治学的辩论中。

The movement of population from rural towns to large centers remains one of the most common but striking trends in human settlement. Researchers have had little trouble in formulating explanations for this population nucleation in market societies. However, these market-based approaches have proven of little utility in societies - - or segments of societies - - not dominated by market institutions. Because these societies were generally non-literate and left no written records, archaeology provides the only means to study long-term demographic change in such societies.Viviana Siveroni will investigate chronological settlement trends in a non-market population of the prehispanic Andes in the Nasca Valley, Peru. Recent archaeological research has revealed massive regional changes between AD 550 and AD 950, including: (a) the abandonment of many rural homesteads and settlements as people flocked to large centers; (b) the end of a long-standing ideology and ceremonial practice (including that associated with the famous Nasca "lines"); and (c) an increase in social stratification even as political decentralization grew. Nothing is known of the changes at the household or community levels that accompanied these broad regional changes. Siveroni will investigate potential changes by excavating and comparing residential areas from a rural village (Las Carretas) dating to early in this period to those at a center dating to late in the period (Huayuri). Her work will explore community religious practices, social structure, and political organization, while focusing on potential shifts in economic activities. One critical goal of the research is to explore the relationship dynamics between population nucleation and reorganization of the household economy.The importance of this project is that Siveroni will assess several theoretical models in which household and communal level processes are themselves the cause of regional population nucleation. This research thus represents an attempt to link levels of analysis in a new way. Processes such as population nucleation must be observed and studied at the regional level, but their causes may reside at the sub-regional level, even the level of the household or individual actor. Documenting human motivations and social processes in a world not governed by rational market forces is an important contribution of this kind of explanatory archaeology; placing this work squarely in current debates in locational geography and political science.