DDRI: Sociopolitical Dynamics in the Lima Polity: A Community - Level View from Cerro Manchay

在Marc Bermann博士的指导下，Giancarlo Marcone将分析秘鲁中部海岸Cerro Manchay遗址考古发掘的数据。Cerro Manchay（也被称为“Lote B”）是一个与重要的区域考古文化利马文化有关的定居点。迄今为止鲜为人知的是，利马文化为研究安第斯史前史社会政治转型方面提供了一个极好的背景。几位史前学家认为，在公元550 - 650年左右，秘鲁发生了重大的社会转变，与瓦里帝国向海岸高地的扩张同时发生，这种转变甚至可能代表了利马人口的国家级社会发展。Cerro Manchay是一个占地1公顷的场地，坐落在俯瞰Lurín山谷的小山上，横跨一条将山谷与邻近Rimac山谷的主要史前利马文化中心连接起来的道路，该地区现在被利马现代城市所覆盖。初步工作表明，该基地可以分为四个部分：一个区域的家庭建筑，分布在山顶上；第二个住宅区，聚集着不规则的房屋群；庭院：由长方形房间组成的建筑，由可能是庭院或广场的开放空间划定；还有一个长方形的大墙院落。每个扇区在空间上与其他扇区分开，并且每个扇区至少显示一个相关的主要垃圾场或处置区。对场地不同区域的住宅、公共和处置区域进行测绘和系统挖掘，将产生关于家庭建筑、家庭活动和消费方面家庭间差异的数据；研究重点放在社区整合和家庭层面的社会经济差异上是很重要的，因为可以识别与利马社会领导相关的姿势和活动随时间的变化。该研究还涉及复杂社会研究中的一些广泛问题，例如主食生产、工艺生产、仪式实践和社会不平等中的外部联系所起的作用。特别是，调查的重点是确定在区域一级看到的政治集中化的增加是否与社区一级新的社会政治秩序的发展同时发生。具体而言，研究探讨了Cerro Manchay的变化是否显示出增加的证据：(1)经济分化（从工艺专业化到主食生产再到财富积累）；(2)仪式实践的精英统治；和/或(3)在活动和风格偏好上效仿其他地区的精英。除了研究社会科学家感兴趣的问题之外，该项目还将通过提高Lurín山谷社区公众对科学的理解水平，以及促进秘鲁和美国学者在复杂社会研究方面的合作，产生更广泛的影响。该项目包括秘鲁学生和当地工人，加上作者作为该地区秘鲁国家考古学家的经验，以及目前在秘鲁大学的教学职责，将成为通过向学校校长、社区领导人和地方当局分发会议和初步通知，向地方、国家和国际社会进行宣传的基础。研究结果将发表在秘鲁和国际期刊上。该项目旨在发展该遗址（以及那里的工作），使其成为与传统文化合作的典范。在传统文化中，考古旅游在经济上的重要性日益增加，而利马市周围的前西班牙遗产继续被城市扩张所破坏。

Under the supervision of Dr. Marc Bermann, Giancarlo Marcone will analyze data generated from archaeological excavations at the site of Cerro Manchay on the Peruvian central coast. Cerro Manchay (also known as "Lote B") is a settlement pertaining to an important regional archaeological culture known as the Lima culture. Poorly known to date, the Lima Culture offers an excellent context for researching aspects of sociopolitical transformation in Andean prehistory. Several prehistorians have argued for a major societal shifts in the this around AD 550 - 650, contemporaneous with the expansion to the coast of the highland Wari Empire, shifts that perhaps even represent the development of state-level society for the Lima population.Cerro Manchay is a 1 ha site, located on a hill overlooking the Lurín valley and straddling one of the paths that connect this valley to the major prehistoric Lima Culture centers in the neighboring Rimac valley, an area now covered by the modern city of Lima. Preliminary work has shown that the site can be divided into four sectors: a zone of domestic architecture, spread over the top of the hill; a second residential area of agglutinated, irregular house clusters; a building composed of rectangular rooms delineated by open spaces that may be yards or plazas; and a rectangular compound with large walls. Each sector is spatially separated from the others, and each displays at least one associated, major midden or disposal area. Mapping and systematic excavation of residential, public and disposal areas in the different sectors of the site will generate the data on interhousehold variability in domestic architecture, household activities, and consumption, needed to understand the nature of status and wealth variability at the siteResearch focus on community integration and household-level socioeconomic differentiation at the site is important because allow identification of changes through time in the postures and activities associated with Lima social leadership. The research also addresses some broad issues in the study of complex societies, such as the roles played by staple production, craft production, ceremonial practices and external contacts in social inequality. In particular, investigation focuses on determining if the increase in political centralization seen at the regional-level, was concomitant with the development of a new sociopolitical order at the community level. Specifically, the research explores whether changes at Cerro Manchay shows evidence for increasing: (1) economic differentiation (ranging from craft-specialization to staple production to wealth accumulation); (2) elite domination of ritual practice; and/or (3) elite emulation, in activities and stylistic preferences, of elites in other regions.Beyond research questions of interest to social scientists, this project will have a broader impact by enhancing the level of public understanding of science in the communities at the Lurín valley, and fostering collaboration on study of complex societies between scholars from Peru and the United States. The inclusion of Peruvian students and local workers in the project, together with the experience of the author as Peruvian state-archaeologist for the area and current teaching responsibilities at a Peruvian University, is going to be the base for outreach to local, national and international communities, through conferences and preliminary informs distributed to school principals, community leaders, and local authorities. The research findings will be presented in Peruvian and international journals. The project aims to develop the site (and the work there) as a model of working with the patriomonio where archaeo-tourism is of increasing economic importance, and where the prehispanic legacy around the city of Lima continues to be destroyed by urban expansion.