Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Socioeconomic Differentiation, Leadership, and Residential Patterning at an Araucanian Chiefly Center (Isla Mocha, AD 1000-1700).

在Marc Bermann博士的指导下，Roberto Campbell将探索住区内和住区之间的居住差异，以及这种差异与智利Isla Mocha的政治领导和社区融合进程有何关系。距离智利海岸30公里的莫查岛，在其史前的大部分时间里是原住民阿劳卡尼亚的一部分，其重要的占领可以追溯到公元1000年以后。公元1550年，阿劳卡尼亚人经历了欧洲人的到来，但与拉丁美洲的大多数土著社会相反，西班牙人的进军在1602年被阿劳卡尼亚人成功地击退，一个“自由印度”国家一直存在到1882年。然而，尽管土著社会政治结构一直持续到那个较晚的日期，但人们对晚期理解派和早期历史上的土著社会政治组织知之甚少。到目前为止，重建当地社会政治组织和动态的主要来源是欧洲编年史和有限的考古学研究。其中每一项都倾向于关注酋长及其活动。因此，它们未能提供存在于更广泛社会中的社会变异性的更全面的图景。本研究将在6平方公里范围内，采取密集地面采集和有限挖掘的方式进行调查。坎贝尔将尝试重建居住密度、经济惯例、财富积累、消费模式、地位和礼仪习俗。实地考察将为以下方面提供数据：(1)了解社区是如何在纵向和横向上实现经济和社会一体化的；(2)查明社会权威和区域社会融合的基本过程。地面收集和挖掘将回收陶瓷、石块、骨骼和贝壳(食物残骸和文物)和大型植物残留物。该项目还将产生更广泛的影响。首先，预计该项目将刺激更多的项目，并有助于在当地社区培养遗产意识。该项目将通过强调莫查岛的考古记录的相关性，影响目前和计划中的发展计划。它将进一步培训考古学学生基本的田野工作技能和更高级的材料分析培训，鼓励他们从人类学和以问题为导向的角度处理考古研究。

Under the supervision of Dr. Marc Bermann, Roberto Campbell will explore residential variability within and among settlements and how this variability relates to processes of political leadership and community integration on Isla Mocha, Chile. Isla Mocha, an island located 30 kms from the Chilean coast, was during most of its prehistory a part of native Araucania, with a significant occupation dating to after 1000 AD. In 1550 AD, Araucania experienced European arrival but, contrary to most native societies of Latin America, the Spaniard's advance had been successfully repelled by the Araucanians by 1602, and a "free-Indian" nation persisted there and on the adjacent mainland until 1882. Yet while indigenous sociopolitical structures persisted until that late date, remarkably little is known about late prehispanic and early historical native sociopolitical organization. To date, the main sources to reconstruct the native sociopolitical organization and dynamics have been European chronicles and limited archaeological research. Each of these has tended to focus on chiefs and their activities. Therefore, they have failed to provide a fuller picture of the social variability that existed within the wider society. This research will investigate by means of intensive surface collection and limited excavation a 6 square km area. Mr. Campbell will attempt to reconstruct residential density, economic practices, wealth accumulation, patterns of consumption, status, and ceremonial practices. The fieldwork will provide data for: (1) understanding how communities were integrated economically and socially in both vertical and horizontal terms; and (2) identifying processes underlying social authority and regional social integration. The surface collections and excavations will recover ceramics, lithics, bones and shells (food remains and artifacts) and macrobotanical remains.The project will also have broader impacts. First, it is expected that the project will stimulate further projects and help to develop a patrimony consciousness in the local community. The project will impact current and planned development plans by underscoring the relevance of the Isla Mocha's archaeological record. It will further training of archaeology students in basic fieldwork techniques and more advanced material analysis training, encouraging them to approach archaeological research from a anthropologically and problem-oriented perspective.