SaTC: STARSS: Small: Collaborative: Managing Hardware Security in Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits

半导体芯片的垂直堆叠三维（3D）集成是确保集成电路（IC）的晶体管密度和性能持续增长的新兴技术。尽管具有明显的优点和局限性，但此类电路的硬件安全性并未受到太多关注。随着可信电路制造商数量的减少，电子设备的可信度越来越受到关注。垂直整合在管理硬件安全性方面带来了前所未有的独特挑战。本研究发展一个跨层架构来管理和保障3D IC的硬件安全。本研究开发的系统框架评估并增强了3D IC在商业和国防特定应用中的可信度。拟议的项目还支持多样化的教育和推广方案，重点是新罕布什尔州和长岛斯托尼布鲁克的代表性不足的群体。现有的硬件安全解决方案适用于由值得信赖的代工厂制造的2D IC。不幸的是，当来自不同供应商的多个管芯堆叠在3D IC中时，会出现新的安全问题。拟议的研究针对这些安全弱点，重点是垂直通信的可信度。将研究防止对垂直通信路径的攻击的解决方案机制，以实现安全的管芯到管芯通信。将设计一个安全的电力输送架构，以检测堆栈内任何芯片中的小型硬件木马。一个基于开关噪声分析的方案将被调查，以检测垂直通信路径中的恶意行为。

Vertically stacked three-dimensional (3D) integration of semiconductor chips is an emerging technology to ensure continued growth in transistor density and performance of integrated circuits (ICs). Despite the well-characterized advantages and limitations, the hardware security of such circuits has not received much attention. With shrinking number of trusted circuit manufacturers, trustworthiness of electronic devices is a growing concern. Vertical integration brings unexplored and unique challenges in managing hardware security. This research develops a cross-layer framework to manage and guarantee hardware security in 3D ICs. The systematic framework developed by this research assesses and enhances trustworthiness of 3D ICs for both commercial and defense-specific applications. Proposed project also supports diverse educational and outreach programs with emphasis on underrepresented groups in both New Hampshire and Stony Brook, Long Island. Existing hardware security solutions are for 2D ICs manufactured by a trusted foundry. Unfortunately, new security problems arise when multiple dies from different vendors are stacked in a 3D IC. Proposed research targets these security weaknesses with an emphasis on the trustworthiness of vertical communications. Solution mechanisms to prevent attacks on the vertical communication path will be investigated to achieve secure die-to-die communication. A secure power delivery architecture will be designed to detect small hardware Trojans in any die within the stack. A switching noise analysis based scheme will be investigated to detect malicious behavior in vertical communication paths.