The structure of wh-utterances and the interpretation of wh-words in Romance (and Germanic) languages

这个项目研究了罗曼语（古代和现代）中含有wh-words的话语的词序变化。本研究的主要目的是探讨“wh-”话语中选择策略的来源，以及句法、语义、语用和韵律在意义建构中的相互作用。有两个主要目标。我们的第一个目标是研究语言可用的语法策略来约束探究性解释。为此，我们研究了罗曼语家族（西班牙语、法语和（巴西）葡萄牙语以及意大利语和raeto -罗曼语）的微观变化，以我们之前对“原位疑问句”的研究为基础，并将其添加和扩展到回声疑问句、“为什么”疑问句（这是一个有趣的案例，关于它们在主语-动词和动词-主语顺序上的可用性），以及奇怪的非标准“wh”从句，我们称之为“quemac -questions”。我们的第二个目标是研究语法是如何对话语移动之间的关系进行编码的，我们主要关注的是回声疑问句（在罗曼语和日耳曼语中）和套用疑问句（主要在西班牙语中）。问题提供了一个研究话语（结构）依赖如何影响话语整体解释的特权窗口。通过研究调节语篇关系的语法手段，我们将发展一种理论，使句子解释对语篇结构敏感。

This project deals with word-order variation in utterances with wh-words across (old and modern) Romance languages. The central aim is to investigate the source of optional strategies in wh-utterances and the interaction between syntax, semantics and pragmatics as well as prosody in the construction of meaning. There are two main goals. Our first goal is to examine the syntactic strategies available to language to constrain inquisitive interpretations. To this end, we investigate microvariation in the Romance family (Spanish, French and (Brazilian) Portuguese as well as Italian and Raeto-Romance) building on our previous work on wh-in-situ questions and adding and extending it to echo questions, why-interrogatives (which present an interesting case regarding their availability with both subject-verb and verb-subject order), as well as quirky non-standard wh-clauses that we call qué-questions. Focusing mainly on echo questions (in Romance and Germanic languages) and qué-questions (mainly in Spanish), our second goal is to examine how the grammar encodes the relations between discourse moves. Questions provide a privileged window into the study of how discourse (structural) dependencies affect the overall interpretation of utterances. By examining the grammatical devices that modulate discourse relations we will develop a theory that allows sentence interpretation to be sensitive to discourse structure.