MORPHOLOGICAL AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY FOR SYMPATHETIC PATHWAYS OF THE URO-GENITAL ORGANS

1)犬内脏神经组成肠系膜下神经丛。一种是腹主动脉腹壁上穿过双侧精索动脉间隙的肠系膜间神经丛，另一种是从交感神经干的L3-L5腰神经节(脊髓中的L2-L4)下行至肠系膜下神经丛的腰内脏神经。2)通过肠系膜间神经丛的传出信号既不产生精液排出，也不关闭膀胱颈，而产生结肠收缩，经腰内脏神经的传出信号具有产生全部精液排出的能力。狗的膀胱颈和结肠收缩。3)狗的精液和膀胱颈的闭合都由3-5条来自腰内脏干的3-5个交感神经节的腰内脏神经控制。4)直接电刺激狗和人输精管可以使精液从射精管中射出，无论是在刺激的部位还是在没有腹下神经的情况下，这都是从射精管发出射精信号的主要途径。5)精液的快速顺行和逆行输送发生在犬输精管中，6)每条腰内脏神经(3-5)通过肠系膜下神经丛的非交叉和交叉途径控制双侧前列腺的收缩和分泌。7)每条腰内脏神经(3-5)不仅控制雌性犬的宫颈，还控制阴道的上部。8)盆腔内脏神经在切断腹下神经后有可能产生双侧精子运输，腰臀交感神经节后通路在这种代偿功能中发挥作用。

1) There were two groups of canine splanchnic nerves that formed the inferior mesenteric plexus. One was the intermesenteric plexus on the ventral wall of the abdominal aorta and passed the space between the bilateral spermatic arteries and the other was lumbar splanchnic nerves from L3-L5 lumbar ganglia of the sympathetic trunk (L2-L4 in the spinal cord) descending behind the spermatic arteries to the inferior mesenteric plexus.2) The efferent signals through the inermesenteric plexus generate neither seminal emission nor bladder neck closure but generate colonic contraction, which those via the lumbar splanchnic nerves have ability to generate all of seminal emission, bladder neck closure and colonic contraction in the dog.3) Both canine seminal emission and bladder neck closure are controlled by 3-5 lumbar splanchnic nerves which originate from 3-5 sympathetic ganglia of the lumbar splanchnic trunk.4) Direct electrical stimulation of the canine and human vas deferens cases seminal emission from the ejaculatory duct regardless of the site stimulated or the absence of hypogastric nerves, which are the major pathway of the efferent signal for seminal emission from the ejaculatory duct.5) Rapid antegrade and retrograde transport of seminal fluid occurs in the canine vas deferens, and the cauda epidymis appears to play a crucial role on the sperm transport in both directions.6) Each lumbar splanchnic nerve (3-5) controls bilateral prostatic contraction and secretion by uncrossed as well as crossed pathways in the inferior mesenteric plexus.7) Each lumbar splanchnic nerve (3-5) controls not only the cervix uteri but also the upper part of the vagina in the female dog.8) Pelvic splanchnic nerves has potential for producing bilateral sperm transport after transection of the hypogastric nerves and lumbosacral sympathetic postganglionic pathways play a role in this compensatory function.