Observational and experimental studies on the influence of social status on feeding strategies

为了解不同年龄、等级、类别对人工食品摄取过程的差异，以小岛组的日本猴组为实验对象。黄豆被广泛地撒在地上，然后数猴子来捡黄豆。年轻个体（小于5岁）在分几次给予相同数量的豆子时，比一次给予相同数量的豆子时表现出比老年人更有利的摄入。这一结果表明，相对于有限数量的大食物斑块，年轻个体对许多分散的小食物斑块的适应性更强。等级高的雌性对给定的豆子有较高的摄取量，而其他等级的雌性不表现出等级依赖的优势摄取量。不同的班级采用不同的喂养策略。次高等级的雌性比低等级的雌性表现出更少的适应策略。这与Koshima群体中第二高阶雌性的低繁殖成功率相对应。自1971年以来，以人工喂养猴群为模型，对高崎山猴群的种群变化进行了研究。我们分析了积累的数据。高崎山组三分之二（-二分之一）的食物摄取量依赖于人工喂食的食物。给予食物的数量强烈显示出与群体出生率的直接关系。不同等级的女性的出生率有显著差异。下层雌虫努力延长摄食时间，但摄食量仍达不到上层雌虫的摄食量。根据这些研究，不同群体生活在各种环境中的人口和社会动态模型，从阔叶常绿的屋久岛栖息地到白雪皑皑的北方，东北地区。

Experiment was conducted on the Japanese monkey group of the Koshima group in order to know the difference of intake process of artificial food among different age,rank classes.Soy beans were given widely scattered on the ground,and individual monkeys were counted to pick up beans. Young individuals (less than 5 years)showed advantageous intake of given beans than elders when a amount of beans were dived and given in several times than the same amount being given at one time. This result indicates that younger individuals feeding is adaptive to many scattered small food patches,than limited numbers of big patches. The high ranking females showed high intake of given beans,while females of other rank classes did not show rank dependent advantageous feeding. Different class adopted different strategies of feeding. And second higher rank class females showed less adaptive strategies than the low rank class females. This corresponded low reproductive success of second high rank class females in the Koshima group. Population changes of monkeys of Takasakiyama were studied since 1971 as a model of artificially fed groups. We analyzed the accumulated data. The Takasakiyama groups depended2/3(-1/2)of their food intake of the artificially given food. The amount of given food strongly showed the direct relationship with the birth rates of the groups. Birth rates significantly differed between rank classes of females. Lower class females made much effort to prolong their feeding duration, while their intake did not reach the feeding amount of high rank female class despite their efforts. Depending these studies, models of population and social dynamics of different groups living in wide varieties of environment,from broad leaf ever green Yakushima habitat to the snowy northern,tohoku, districts.