Research on Chinese Legal Consciousness

本研究项目旨在厘清东西方社会法律结构的差异。社会结构受到许多不同类型的社会规范的控制，如伦理、法律、家庭结构和其他社会结构。因此，法律在一个社会中的分量和作用在不同的国家是不同的。在进行这项调查之前，我们预测法律在一个社会中的作用将在美国最强，在欧洲社会相对较弱，在其他东亚社会最弱。换句话说，非法律规范在社会中的作用将在东亚社会中最强，在欧洲社会中相对较弱，在美国社会中最弱。什么样的法律是重要的在每个国家都是不同的。中国和日本、韩国等受中国文化影响的东亚国家都有自己的戒律式法律形式的历史。在这些国家，公法和刑法往往被认为比私法更重要。通过西方法律制度的移植，民商法等私法在这些国家逐渐变得重要起来。当我们在这些国家进行实证研究时，我们可以通过以下方式来衡量传统法律的实力和西方法律制度的影响。当人们问到当你听到“法律”这个词时，你会想到什么样的法律时，有些人会想到刑法和行政法。在这种情况下，传统法律在该社会中仍然强有力。当人们想象私法时，法律上的西方化具有很强的影响力。即使在国内比较，我们也可以采用同样的方式。如果我们能发现年轻一代和老一代之间有很大的差异，那就说明洋务正在进行。如果我们能发现大城市和乡村之间的巨大差异，这意味着社会正在发生变化。同样，我们可以知道教育和职业等因素对人们法律形象的影响。具体的发现见所附论文。少

This research project aims to make clear the difference of socio-legal structure of the Eastern and the Western societies. Social structures are controlled by many different types of social norms such as ethics, law, family structures and other social structures.So the weight and the role of law in a society is different from a country to a country.Before conducting this survey, we predicted that the role of law in a society would be strongest in the United States and became relatively weaker in European societies and weakest in other East Asian societies. In other words, the role of non-legal norm in societies will be strongest in East Asian societies and becomes relatively weaker in European societies and weakest in the American societies.What type law is important is different in every country. China and other East Asian countries which have been influenced by chinese culture such as Japan and Korea, have their own history of commandment type legal form. In such countries, public an … More d criminal law are tend to be considered more important than private law. Private law such as civil and commercial law became important gradually in such countries through transplant of Western legal system. When we conduct an empirical research in such countries, we can measure strength of traditional law and influence of Western legal system in the following way. When people asked what kind of law do you image when you hear the word' law', some people image criminal and administrative law. In such case, traditional law remains strongly in that society. When people image private law, westernization in law has strong influence. In even domestic comparison, we can adopt the same way. If we can find big difference between young and old generations, it means that the westernization is progressing. If we can find big difference between large cities and villages, it means that societies are changing. Similarly, we can know the influence of education and occupation, etc.towards law image of people. Concrete findings are shown in the attached papers. Less