A Study of Learning Effects on Text Display and Construction

(1)本研究的目的是探讨大纲对学习的影响。结果发现，大纲是短期学习的有效工具。然而，有效性的程度取决于学习者的特点和教材，我们在设计课文时有必要考虑到这一点。(2)本研究发现了两种阅读方式--顺序阅读和随机阅读。学习者选择哪种途径取决于文本类型，大纲类型或普通类型。(3)我们提出了两种文本结构的呈现方式：第一种：按时间顺序构建文本。结果发现，结构化过程本身给学习者带来了积极的学习效果。类型2：我们开发了一种算法，使我们能够轻松地识别文本。(4)我们开发了一个讨论过程的图形表示。在已有的层次表示方法的基础上，我们对其进行了改进，使之可以在网上访问。(5)我们通过比较人类和系统撰写的摘要段落来评估该系统。我们发现，系统总结的文章与人写的文章具有相同的质量。

(1) The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of the outline on learning. It was found that the outline was an effective tool for short-term learning. The degree of effectiveness, however, depends on learners' characteristics and teaching materials, it is necessary to take them into consideration when we design texts.(2) Two types of reading--sequential and random access--were found in this research. Which access a learner chooses depends on the text type, either the outline type or the normal type.(3) We proposed two types of presentation of text structure :Type 1 : Structuring text in chronological order. It was found that structuring process itself gave learners positive learning effects.Type 2 : We developed an algorithm which enable us recognize text with ease.(4) We developed a graphical presentation of discussion process. Based on the hierarchical presentation method already exits, we develop it so that we can access on the Net.(5) We evaluated the system by comparing summary passages written by a human and by the system. We found that the passages summarized by the system have the same quality as the ones written by the person.