The establishment of research model on constitution and exercise experiment-review of animal study model-

经典实验小鼠在运动科学中起着重要的作用。虽然优点是可以控制遗传背景，但小鼠的遗传背景很小，行为特征是驯养的，运动缓慢。另一方面，国家遗传研究所已经建立了从野生小鼠中提取的保持自然特征的近交系。我们检查表型，如生长速度和物理性能，对野生小鼠（小家鼠mollosinus和小家鼠spretus），以比较经典实验室小鼠。野生小鼠的体能表现高于（或低于）经典实验小鼠（m.m.s homus），且野生小鼠之间的差异大于经典实验小鼠。肌纤维类型也与传统实验室小鼠不同。结果表明，该方法在野生小鼠中是有效的。我们关注的是具有线粒体dna （mtDNA）的线粒体。母体遗传提供的mtDNA被认为影响在个体上观察到的表型。据报道，一些人类mtDNA疾病与特定的mtDNA多态性有关。我们检测了仅mtDNA对经典实验室小鼠和mtDNA同源小鼠表型的影响，结果表明mtDNA对表型有影响。此外，人们认识到mtDNA对胚胎发育到囊胚期的数量和能力有影响，并且发育能力受环境（温度和氧气）条件的影响。研究动物个体特征的差异性是生命科学的重要课题之一，为此，有必要培育新的实验小鼠。我们应该注意mtDNA对动物个体特征研究的影响。

Classical laboratory mouse has been playd a important role on sports science. Although the advantage is to be able to control the genetic backgrounds, the genetic backgrounds of the mouse are very small and the behavioral charactors are domestic and slow locomotive activity. On the othe hand, inbred strains derivrd from wild mice which keep the natural traits have been established by the National Institute of Genetics. We examine phenotypes, such as growth rate and physical performance, on the wild mice (Mus musculus mollosinus and Mus spretus) to compare with classical laboratory mouse. The physical performances of the wild mice were higher (or lower) than that of classical laboratory mouse (M.m. domesticus), and the variation between wild mice was greater than that of classical laboratory mouse. The muscle fiber types are also different to classical laboratory mouse. As the results, it is indicated that the wild mice is validity.We focused mitochondria which have the mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA). The mtDNA provided by maternal inheritance is thought to affect phenotypes observed on individuals. It is reported that some human mtDNA disease are related with the specific mtDNA polymorphisms. We examined the effect of only mtDNA on the phenotypes of classical laboratory mouse and the mtDNA-congenic mice and it showed that the mtDNA affected the phenotypes. Moreover, it was recognized that the mtDNA influenced to the number and the ability of the embryos to develop to the blastocysts stage and the development ability was affected by environment (temperature and O2) condition.To research that an individual characteristic of animals is different is one of important thema on life sciences and for the study it is necessary to produce a new laboratory mouse. And we should attend to the effect of mtDNA on research about an individual characteristic of animals.