A Study on Educated Unemployment in Asia

人力资源开发需要时间长、投入大。如果不利用训练有素的人力，就是浪费宝贵的资源。以下是造成人力资源开发方案和成果利用之间差距的因素：(1)受教育者的供求失衡1)经济和教育的发展速度不同；2)经济周期和教育的稳定性；3)工人的专业和工作所需知识的不匹配；4)预测的困难；5)就业机会的信息不足；6)劳动力的增加(2)对良好教育背景的高期望1)扩大教育的想法和压力团体；2)市场机制失灵；3)工资差距大；4)失业的空间；(五)政府补贴教育成本；(六)对学位和证书的热情；(七)公共部门的重要性；(八)现代部门的通行证。从长远来看，受过高等教育的人的失业问题可以通过经济发展来解决。这是一个重要的问题，在制定教育和经济计划时必须认真考虑。由于印尼经济危机，失业率从1996年的5.4%上升到1998年的17.5%，高等教育机构的入学率下降。如果经济复苏，如果社会对教育事业的评价不变，高等教育机构的入学率可能会恢复得更快。

Development of human resources requires long time and huge investment. It is a waste of valuable resources if trained manpower is not utilized. The following are the factors contributing to create the gap between the schemes of human resource development and the utilization of fruits borne.(1) Imbalance between supply and demand of the educated1) Different pace of development of economy and education ; 2) Economic cycle and the stability of education ; 3) Mismatch of workers' majors and knowledge required in work ; 4) Difficulty of forecast ; 5) Insufficient information on employment opportunities ; 6) Increase of labor force(2) High expectancy for good educational background1) Ideas for the expansion of education and pressure groups ; 2) Malfunction of the market mechanism ; 3) Large wage gaps ; 4) Scope for being unemployed ; 5) Government subsidies to educational costs ; 6) Zeal for degrees and certificates ; 7) The significance of the public sector ; 8) Passport to the modem sectorThe unemployment problem of the highly educated may be solved by following economical development in the long run. This is an important issue which has to be treated with great consideration in developing education and economic plans. Due to the economical crisis in Indonesia, the unemployment rate increased from 5.4% in 1996 to 17.5% in 1998, and the enrollment rate of higher education institutions has decreased. If the economy recovers, the enrolment rate of the higher education institutions may recover faster if the social appraisal of educational career doesn't change.