Behavioral, cellular and molecular bases of emotional, menemonic, and immune functions in the limbic-hypothalamic system

1. 记录了大鼠在区分有奖励和无厌恶的条件感觉刺激时丘脑中背侧核（MID）和前扣带皮层（AC）的神经元活动。在丘脑中背侧，大多数神经元具有多模态反应，并且对条件刺激具有差异。在AC中，差异条件刺激相关神经元主要位于AC的吻侧和腹侧，其他AC神经元主要在ICSS和/或摄入蔗糖时做出反应（摄入/ICSS相关神经元），并且位于AC的较后部分。空间导航的神经机制当猴子通过驾驶自己乘坐的出租车（真实的易位任务）或通过操纵操纵杆自由移动显示器上的指针（更真实的易位任务）在实验场中自由导航时，记录了猴子海马（HF）神经元。一些HF神经元具有任务依赖的位置场，在实验场和/或监视器上显示特定区域的活动增加。这些结果表明，高频可以编码不同的参考框架，这些参考框架是上下文或任务相关的。这可能是情景记忆的神经基础。长期应激时，il -1 β mRNA在大鼠内侧视前区（MPOA）和下丘脑内侧区（MHA）表达升高，在下丘脑外侧区（LHA）表达降低。同时分析GnRH mRNA表达与MPOA中il -1 β表达呈强负相关。这些结果提示，慢性应激可能通过应激诱导MPOA中il -1 β mRNA的表达而导致生殖功能障碍。此外，应激大鼠LHA和MHA神经元自发神经元活动的特定变化模式以及神经元对感觉刺激的反应变化与应激诱导的进食、自主神经和免疫系统等行为的各种改变有关。少

1. Neural mechanisms of emotion in the limbic systemNeuronal activity in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MID), and anterior cingulate cortex (AC) was recorded from the rats during discrimination of conditioned sensory stimuli associated with and without reward and aversion, In the MD, most neurons had multimodal responsiveness, and were differential to the conditioned stimuli. These MD neurons were located mainly in the rostro-medial portion of the MD.In the AC, differential conditioned stimulus-related neurons were located mainly in the rostral and ventral part of the AC.The other AC neurons responded mainly during ICSS and/or ingestion of sucrose (ingestion/ICSS-related neurons), and were located in a more posterior part of the AC .2. Neural mechanisms of spatial navigationMonkey hippocampal (HF) neurons were recorded while a monkey freely navigated in the experimental field by driving a cab which the monkey rode (real translocation task), or freely moved a pointer on a monitor (vi … More rtual translocation task) by manipulating a joystick. Some HF neurons had task-dependent place fields which displayed increased activity in a specific area in the experimental field and/or on the monitor. These results suggest that the HF can encode different reference frames that are context or task-dependent. This may be the neural basis of episodic memory.3. Brain-immune interaction in the hypothalamusWhen rats were chronically stressed, the expression of IL-1beta mRNA increased in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and medial hypothalamic area (MHA), and decreased in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA). Concomitant analysis of GnRH mRNA expression indicated a strong negative correlation with IL-1beta expression in the MPOA.These results suggest that chronic stress may induce reproductive dysfunction through the effects of stress-induced expression of IL-1beta mRNA in the MPOA.Furthermore, specific pattern of changes in the spontaneous neuronal activity and changes in the neuronal responses to sensory stimuli of LHA and MHA neurons in stressed rats were related to stress-induced various alterations in behaviors such as feeding, and in the autonomic and immune systems. Less