A Study on the Development of Strategy to bring up Self-directed and cooperative Learning Skills, and its Systematization at Integrated Study

我们与试点小学有合作研究制度（附件e. s.到鸣人大学教育，京都市五所南e.s.附加e.s.到Jouetu uni。教育，大坂市西泽寺e.s.等等）。和初中（附属于J.H.S.火影忍者教育，等等）。对综合性学习课程开发进行了研究。通过对试点学校教师的学习技能和业务技能的理论/实践报告、对指导的观察和访谈，筛选和整理了“自主与合作问题解决技能”。本研究在此基础上，提出了培养幼儿“自主合作问题解决能力”的策略。(1)通过对教学指导和儿童学习活动的报告和分析，我们可以发展、评估和改进嵌入儿童必须/想要使用“自我导向和合作问题解决技能”的活动的单元。 ...更多信息 我们找到了培养这些技能的几种策略。1)运用“标签纸”和“KJ法”培养学生自主、合作的解题能力。2)运用“织网法”培养学生自主、合作的主题设置技能。3)通过“意见卡”培养学生相互评价和自我评价的能力。4)通过网页制作培养展示技巧。5)以档案袋法培养学生个别化学习的自我报告技巧及自我学习过程的反思技巧。(2)研究发现，改善幼儿自主学习和合作学习的学习环境是必要的。特别是，它是儿童学习综合性学习的“向儿童开放的装置”和“促进相互交流信息和建议的装置”。(3)要明确技能的综合性学习与学科性学习的关系，以及“自主合作问题解决技能”从小学到初中的系统化。少

We have cooperative research system with the pilot elementary schools (attaced e.s. to Naruto uni.of education, Kyoto city Goshominami e.s., attached e.s. to Jouetu uni. of education, Oosaka citv Nishiawaji e.s. and so on.) and junior-high schools (atached j.h.s. to Naruto uni. of education, and so on.) studied on curriculum development of integrated Study. We selected and arranged "Self-directed and cooperative problem-solving skill" by the theoretical/practical reports about learning skills and business skills, observation of the instructions and interviews to teachers at the pilot schools. And, we tried to develop the strategies to bring up children's "Self-directed and cooperative problem-solving skill".The main results are as follows.(1) We could develop, evaluate and improve the units embeded the activities that children must/want use "Self-directed and cooperative problem-solving skill" by reporting and analying the instructions and children's learning activities and worksheets. … More We found out the several strategies to bring up these skills. 1) To bring up self-directed and cooperative problem-arranging skill by using "label sheets" and "KJ method". 2) To bring up self-directed and cooperative theme-setting skill by using "webbing method". 3) To bring up mutual and self-evaluating skill by "advice card". 4) To bring up presentation skill by making home-page. 5) To bring up self-reporting skill about the individualized learning and reflecting skill on self-learning process by "portfolio method".(2) We could find out that it was necessary arrangment of the learning circumstances for children to learn self-directedly and cooperatively learning. Specially, it was necesary "devices opened to children" and "devices to promote mutual exchanging of informations and advices" for children to learn integrated study.(3) It is necessary to make clear the relationship of integrated study and subject study about skills, and the systematization of "Self-directed and cooperative problem-solving skill" through the elementary school level to the junior-high school level. Less