Reevaluation of Sino-Soviet Confrontation

我回顾了中国和前苏联之间的冲突循环。从友好到中国人的消极抵抗，然后是对抗，最后。回到和解的话题上。1949年1月1日，中华人民共和国(中国共和国)的主要缔造者毛宣布了完全亲苏的政策，并于同年12月亲自访问了苏联。1950年2月14日，两国签署了《友好同盟互助条约》。然而，中苏同盟并没有持续太久。分歧逐渐扩大，1959年6月20日，苏联单方面通知中国放弃有关新军事技术的协议，拒绝提供新武器，如原子弹原型。1969年3月2日和3月15日，两国边防巡逻队在乌苏里江陈宝岛岛上发生小规模冲突，造成双方数百人伤亡。经过多年的对抗，1979年出现了第一个和解的迹象。同年4月3日，时任外交部长黄桦邀请俄罗斯大使希切尔巴科夫，提议开启谈判，以清理两国之间悬而未决的争端，改善关系。1979年底，由于苏联入侵阿富汗，中苏政治谈判中断。但在滕小平强有力的政治领导下，和解进程加快了。我们可以从前外长陈赤深的回忆录中了解到这一进程的细节。

I have look back over the cycle of conflict between China and former Soviet Union. after progressing from friendship to passive resistance by the Chinese, then confrontations, and finally. back to reconciliation. Mao Tsetung, the main architect of the PRC( People's Republic of China ), declared a completely pro-Soviet policy on Jury 1, 1949, and visited the Soviet Union himself in December of the same year. On February 14, 1950, the Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance Treaty was signed between two countries. However, the Sino-Soviet Alliance did not last long. The rift gradually widened, and the Soviets unilaterally notified China on June 20, 1959 of the abandonment of the agreement regarding new military technology, refusing to supply new armaments, such as a prototype of an atomic bomb. On March 2 and again on March 15, 1969, skirmishes broke out between border patrols on Chenbaodao Island in the Ussuri River, resulting in hundreds of casualties on both sides.The first sign of rapprochement came in 1979 after years of antagonism. On April 3 of that year, then Foreign Minister Huang Hua invited Russian Ambassador Shichelbakov and proposed to open negotiations to clean up unresolved disputes between the two countries, and improve relations. Sino-Soviet Political Negotiation stopped because of the Soviet Invasion into Afganistan in the end of the year 1979. But under Teng Xiaoping's strong political leadership rapprochement process was accelerated. We are able to know the details of this process by the Memoirs of the former Foreign Minister Chen Chishen.