The Development of the Program to Support a Teacher and Teaching and Learning for Restructuring of Knowledge

本研究的目的是对以往的教学理论进行反思。在与他人的互动中创造知识的过程被阐明。建构合作学习的理论与教学方法。同时，本研究旨在为教师提供基于合作教学理论和方法的支持。（1）首先回顾了美国和日本的合作学习研究。其次，探讨了基于社会建构主义等思想的协作学习研究。（2）探讨了我国理科教师如何看待利用小组的课。（3）将合作教学引入科学课堂，并验证了合作教学的效果。内容是以下五点。1)参加小组讨论对科学课的影响。2)组合差异的影响 ...更多信息 组成小组的成员致力于学习。3)互动和儿童知识的重构。4)将外部代表引入会谈现场的效果。（外化、外表征）5）支持协作学习的学习环境。从这种协作学习的验证课程中获得的知识如下。为了让孩子形成知识，需要澄清一个人的想法。它使它外化一个人的思想。有必要准备收集信息的地方。有必要根据调查的信息进行讨论。在小学阶段，当一个群体由相同质量的成员组成时，它是有效的。在国中，异质成员的组合是有效的。支持协作学习的学习环境的建设是必不可少的。在这些工作成果的基础上，孩子自己形成了知识，并展示了加深理解的课程设计。少

The purpose of this research reconsiders the theory of the teaching-learning which has so far been studied. Process in which knowledge is created in an interaction with the others is clarified. Building the theory and the teaching method of collaborative learning. Moreover, it aims at offering support to a teacher based on collaborative teaching-learning theory and method which were built.Research was done as follows. (1)Research on collaborative learning of the United States of America and Japan was reviewed at the beginning. Next, research of the collaborative learning which was based on ideas, such as social constructivism, was considered. (2)The teacher of the science of our country investigated how the lesson which utilized the small group would be considered. (3)Collaboration was taken in to science class and the effect was verified. The contents are the following five points. 1)effect of taking in talks of small group to science class. 2)effect which difference in combination of … More member who constitutes small group exerts at learning. 3)interaction and child's restructuring of knowledge. 4)effect of introducing external representations to scene of talks. (externalization, external representations) 5)learning environment which supports collaborative learning. The knowledge acquired from the verification lesson of such collaborative learning is as follows. In order for the child to form knowledge, it is required to clarify one's idea. And it is making it externalizing one's thought. It is necessary to prepare the place which collects information. It is necessary to make it discuss based on the investigated information. In an elementary school stage, when a group is composed of a member of the same quality, it is effective. Composing of a heterogeneous member is effective in a junior high school. Construction of the learning environment which supports collaborative learning is indispensable. Based on such fruits of work, the child formed knowledge by himself and showed the lesson design which deepens an understanding. Less