RESEARCH ON CHILDREN'S COGNITION DEVELOPMENT CONCERNING READING OF EXPOSITORY TEXT, AND EXPERIMENTAL TEACHING MATERIAL BASED ON THE FOREGOING AT THE TIME OF PRIMARY SCHOOL ENTRY

2001年和2002年的研究成果如下：1.对大学生说明文写作中的解释策略进行了调查。以此为指标，掌握学龄儿童阅读理解口述测试认知发展的不同阶段。并对战后至今的日语教科书说明性文本材料的发展结构进行了考察。结果，发现了两种具有鲜明特色的文本材料，分别是诱导小学生使用说明性材料。这两部作品分别是：《多布苏-恩(动物园)》，东京Shoseki，1952年~1976年；《Norimono(车辆)》，三村俊树，1958年~1976.3。通过对小学入学时说明文辅导的实际情况的考察，明确了以下两点：(1)教师将小学入学时的说明文材料作为研究对象的情况相当少见；(2)小学入学时的说明文材料不被教师接受为“真正的说明文”，而是用来指导背诵、造句以及从图画书到实质上是句子的阅读材料的诱导。对学龄前儿童杂志《KINDA BOOK》说明文的发展结构进行了调查。因此，在开篇部分注意到了各种刻板印象的存在，这与小学使用的说明性文本材料没有什么不同。这样的事实表明，在进行解释时，让读者参与到文本中来很重要。

Accomplishments as a result of research conducted during years 2001 and 2002 are as follows:1. Survey has been made on strategy of explanation applied in composition of expository text by the university students. Such results were applied as indicators to grasp various phases of cognition development of school children concerning reading-understanding of expository tests.2. A survey has also been made on development structure of expository text material of Japanese language textbooks during the post-War period to the present. As a result, two text material with distinctive features were discovered, concerning inducing school children into expository text material. These two are; "Dobutsu-en (Zoo)", Tokyo Shoseki, 1952~1976, and "Norimono (Vehicles)", Mitsumura Tosho, 1958~1976.3. In search of the actual conditions in guidance over expository texts at the time of primary school entry, following two points were clarified:(1) Cases were rather rare where expository text material at the time of primary school entry are made object of study by the teachers.(2) Teachers do not accept expository text material at the time of primary school entry as "genuine expository texts", but utilize them in guidance of reciting, sentence construction, and induction from picture book to reading material which are substantially sentences.4. Conducted a survey on development structure of expository texts of "kinda Book", a preschool children's magazine. As a result, presence of various stereotypes are noted in the opening part not different from those expository text material used by primary schools. Such fact suggests importance to have the readers participate in the texts when conducting explanations.