An analysis of prosodic and phonologic properties of English and Japanese, and pronunciation learning

本研究由五个部分组成。FAST处理的是高级日语学习者在句子的基音轮廓方面与母语人士的口语阅读表现有何不同的问题。主要的发现涉及基频测量的更平坦的语调模式，但也有一些偏离标准音调轮廓的位移是次要的。第二个是关于口语阅读模式的特点，在这个模式中，我们测量了音系词的基频。自相关分析表明，一个音位词的基频效应会影响到下面的两个音位词。第三项研究是关于鼻化的。日本大学生口头朗读了两篇英语短文和三篇日语短文。与英语水平相比，日本学生的总体平均鼻音较小，在阅读日语短文时，根据鼻化程度将日本学生分为两组。第四部分是一位口吃的说日语的成年人的口语阅读表演。目前的研究人员被告知，与独自一人相比，这个人在人们面前口吃的频率更高。因此，我们记录了当他独自一人时和当本研究在那里听他朗读时他的口头朗读。有听众条件下的口吃平均数明显高于无听众条件下的平均口吃次数。此外，语音词的平均基频在前一种情况下比在后一种情况下高出约5赫兹。为了更严格地论证后者的发现，第五项研究采用了A-B-A-B范式，其中A代表受众条件，B代表无受众条件。结果复制了基频和听众在场之间的联系，使得基频在听众条件下变得更高。

This research is composed of five sections. The fast deals with the issue of how an advanced-level Japanese learner of English differs from the native speaker's oral reading performance in terms of pitch contours of sentences. The main finding involved flatter intonation patterns as measured in fundamental frequency, but also some displacements from standard pitch contours were hind. The second concerns characteristics of model oral reading, in which fundamental frequencies were measured for phonological words. An autocorrelation analysis indicated that the effect of the fundamental frequency of a given phonological word carries over to the following two phonological words. The thirds study is about nasalization. Japanese university students orally read two short English passage and three short Japanese ones. As compared to an English standard, the overall mean nasality for Japanese students was smaller, and in reading Japanese passages, Japanese students were divided into two groups in terms of the degree of nasalization. The fourth section involves oral reading performance by an adult Japanese speaker who stutters. The present researcher was informed that the person stuttered more frequently in front of people than when he was alone. We thus recorded his oral reading when he was alone and when the present research was there listening to his reading. The mean number of stuttering was obviously larger in the audience condition than in the no-audience condition. Furthermore, the mean fundamental frequency for phonological words was approximately 5 Hz higher in the former condition than in the latter condition. To demonstrate this latter finding in a more rigorous manner, the fifth study employed an A-B-A-B paradigm, where A represents an audience condition and B represents a no-audience condition. Results replicated the association between fundamental frequency and presence of audience such that the fundamental frequency becomes higher in an audience condition.