Translation and translanguaging: Investigating linguistic and cultural transformations in superdiverse wards in four UK cities

该项目的目的是了解人们如何在不同的语言和文化中进行多语言交流。我们将“翻译”定义为使用不同模式（口语/书面/视觉/手势）进行意义协商，其中说话者在一系列语言和变体中具有不同的专业知识。当说话者没有共同的语言时，他们可能会依赖专业人士、朋友或家人的翻译，或者通过数字手段。这种做法发生在“翻译区”，并在翻译和谈判的前沿。我们认为"文化"不是对种族群体必不可少的一套固定的做法，而是一个变化的过程，可以谈判。在我们之前对多语言社区的研究中，我们发现说话者并不局限于单独使用语言，而是在表达意义时“跨语言”。我们将密切关注伯明翰、卡迪夫、利兹和伦敦公共和私人环境中的语言实践。我们将研究当人们把不同的历史和语言联系起来时，沟通是如何发生（或失败）的。研究结果将通过为决策者以及公共、私营和第三部门组织的工作提供信息，对经济增长、移民、健康和福祉、体育、文化遗产和法律等方面的政策产生影响。将跨语言理解为在公共场所的交流; 2.将跨语言理解为私人空间中的交流; 3.将跨语言理解为数字和社交空间中的交流; 4.了解当地的沟通实践的历史; 5.发展变革性的、跨学科的方法来研究作为交流的语言转变; 6.发展研究人员在艺术和人文领域进行高质量研究的能力; 7.本研究采用跨学科的方法来理解社区环境内外的沟通，重点关注从事法律的咨询中心、移民业务、体育运动以及图书馆和博物馆的人们之间的互动。之所以选择这些社区网站，是因为它们是在超级多样化的城市中日常使用多种语言和多样性的环境。"超级多样性"是指多样性的交织，其中不仅"种族"，而且其他变量相互交叉，影响着城市中心的组成和轨迹。将选择在机构中发挥作用并经常使用数字和在线技术的多语种演讲者作为主要参与者（图书馆员，律师，移民商人，体育教练）。研究人员将在伯明翰、卡迪夫、利兹和伦敦的四个超级多样化的病房进行人种学实地调查。主要参与者将在工作场所被研究人员“跟踪”。在每个地点进行初步观察后，将进行录音、访谈以及在线和数字数据收集。每个病房的语言景观的拍摄将持续26个月，以绘制不断变化的文化和语言环境。一系列的研究活动之后将发表一系列的报告和工作文件，包括：专题研讨会，网络集会，城市研讨会，公众参与展示活动和会议。为从业人员，研究助理，早期职业和博士研究人员提供全面和有区别的培训计划，以进行能力建设，这将是该项目的关键特征和遗产。

The aim of this project is to understand how people communicate multilingually across diverse languages and cultures. We define 'translation' as the negotiation of meaning using different modes (spoken/written/visual/gestural) where speakers have different proficiencies in a range of languages and varieties. When speakers do not share a common language they may rely on translation by professionals, friends or family, or by digital means. Such practices occur in 'translation zones', and are at the cutting edge of translation and negotiation. We view 'cultures' not as fixed sets of practices essential to ethnic groups, but rather as processes which change and which may be negotiable. In our previous research inmultilingual communities we found speakers are not confined to using languages separately, but rather they 'translanguage' as they make meaning. We will look closely and over time at language practices in public and private settings in Birmingham, Cardiff, Leeds, and London. We will investigate how communication occurs (or fails) when people bring different histories and languages into contact. Outcomes will impact on policy on economic growth, migration, health and well-being, sport, cultural heritage, and law, by informing the work of policy-makers and public, private and third sector organisations.The aims of the research are to:1. understand translanguaging as communication in public spaces;2. understand translanguaging as communication in private spaces;3. understand translanguaging as communication in digital and social spaces;4. understand local histories of communicative practices;5. develop transformative, interdisciplinary approaches to researching translanguaging as communication;6. develop the capacity of researchers to conduct high quality research in the arts and humanities;7. inform local, national, and international policy in relation to superdiverse community settings.This study takes an interdisciplinary approach to understand communication in and beyond community settings, focusing on interactions between people engaged in legal advice centres, migrant business, sport, and libraries and museums. These community sites are selected because they are contexts in which multiple languages and varieties are in daily use in superdiverse cities. 'Superdiversity' refers to the interweaving of diversities, in which not only 'ethnicity', but other variables intersect and influence the composition and trajectories of urban centres. Multilingual speakers who have institutional roles and make regular use of digital and online technologies will be selected as key participants (librarians, solicitors, migrant business people, sports coaches). They will provide access to other multilingual speakers, and to communication in privateand digital spaces.Ethnographic fieldwork will be conducted by researchers in four superdiverse wards in Birmingham, Cardiff, Leeds, and London. Key participants will be 'shadowed' in their workplace by researchers. In each site initial observation will be followed by audio recordings, interviews, and online and digital data collection. Photographing of the linguistic landscape of each ward will continue for 26 months to map the changing cultural and linguistic environment. A succession of published reports and working papers will follow a series of research events including: thematic workshops, network assemblies, city seminars, public engagement showcase events and conferences.A full and differentiated training programme for practitioners, research assistants, early career and doctoral researchers is put in place for capacity building, which will be a key feature and legacy of the project.