LABYRINTH: Conservation, Analysis and Virtual Reconstruction of the Archaeological Site of Hawara Pyramid and Labyrinth (El Fayoum)

哈瓦拉是法尤姆地区东南部的一个古老的墓地，位于开罗以南约80公里处。它是第十二王朝（约公元前1855-1808年）最后一位伟大的国王阿蒙内姆哈特三世的埋葬地。在金字塔的南面，法老建造了一个大型的宗教建筑群（大约120米乘300米），在那里，法老被当作神来崇拜了1500多年。巨大的殡葬神庙最初与这个金字塔相邻，据信是希罗多德称之为“迷宫”的带有画廊和庭院的建筑群的基础。在古代晚期，这个建筑群被认为是世界奇迹之一。尽管具有历史意义，但迷宫的布局和结构从未有过清晰的图纸或细节。由于金字塔和迷宫遗址下持续的灌溉水流，考古遗址已经被遗弃，并显示出严重恶化的迹象。这一水流在过去的一个世纪中不断发展，现在的水位大约在地形表面以下5米，在较低的走廊高度以上约7米。国际上正在努力实施可持续的保护策略，并使该遗址脱水。利用遥感技术记录地下水位、地下含水层材料的热条件以及各硐室和金字塔地下结构的水力特性，是了解地下水位的当务之急。在进行任何保护或脱水工作之前，迫切需要记录和诊断现有状况，并使用最新的虚拟遗产技术来制作情景保护和修复模型。这个为期36个月的创新研究项目为最先进的虚拟现实界面和存储平台的发展提供了一个突破，不仅可以记录和记录现有的现场条件进行交互式可视化，更重要的是，它将在计算机化的虚拟环境中整合结构、热、水数据。这一类型学模型的结果将在保育活动实施前，用于评估保育活动的不同情况及其潜在影响。项目团队将使用创新的虚拟遗产技术对遗址的考古记录进行全面的调查研究和分析，该技术将：a)进行精确的3D云点到激光扫描和数字调查，记录和模拟遗址的现有状况；B)利用最先进的地球物理地下测量来探测、分析和模拟迷宫的空间布局和地下水位；C)开发最先进的交互式虚拟平台，集成远程发送指标和数据集；D)开发网站的虚拟现实体验，以及网站历史和导航的移动应用程序。该项目是与教科文组织佛罗伦萨大学主席和埃及国家天文与地球物理研究所合作开发的。它侧重于使用最先进的激光扫描仪和虚拟遗产建模技术，以开发场地（地下，地上和空中）的综合互动模型。这套全面的数据集/模型将作为识别问题、制定决策、绘制脱水和实施保育工作的地图的平台。

Hawara is an ancient cemetery site in the south-eastern Fayum region, about 80km south of Cairo. It is the burial place of Amenemhat III, the last great king of the 12th dynasty (about 1855-1808 BC). To the south of the pyramid the Pharaoh constructed a large cult complex (approximately 120 metres by 300 metres), in which the Pharaoh was worshipped as a god for over 1500 years. The huge mortuary temple that originally stood adjacent to this pyramid is believed to have formed the basis of the complex of buildings with galleries and courtyards called a "labyrinth" by Herodotus. In Late Antiquity, the complex was considered as one of the wonders of the world. Despite its historical significance, there have never been clear drawings or details of the labyrinth layout or structure. Due to sustained irrigation water flow under the pyramid and labyrinth site, the archaeological site has become abandoned and is exhibiting signs of severe deterioration. This water flow has developed over the past century with the water level now approximately 5 meters below the topographic surface, and about 7 meters above the lower corridor level. There is an international effort to implement a sustainable conservation strategy and dewatering of the site. It is imperative to understand the level of underground water table, using remote sensing to record water levels and thermal conditions of the acquifer material and hydraulic properties within the chambers and in the Pyramid substructure. There is an urgent need to document and diagnose existing condition and use the latest Virtual Heritage Technologies to produce scenario conservation and recovery models, before any conservation or dewatering work can commence. This 36-months innovative research project offers a breakthrough in the development of state-of-the-art virtual reality interface and repository platform that not only records and documents existing site conditions for interactive visualisation, but more importantly will incorporate structural, thermal and water data within the computerised virtual environment. The outcome of this typological model will feed into the assessement of different scenarios of conservation activities and its potential impact, in advance of implementation. The project team will undertake comprehensive investigative research, and analysis of the site's archaeological records using innovative virtual heritage technologies that will: a) conduct accurate 3D Cloud-point to laser scan and digitally survey, record and model existing conditions of the site; b) utilise state-of-the-art geophysics underground surveys to detect, analyse and model the labyrinth's spatial layout and its water table; c) develop a state-of-the-art interactive virtual platform that integrates remote sending indicators and dataset; d) develop virtual reality experience of the site, as well as mobile app for the site's history and navigation. This project is developed in partnership with the UNESCO Chair at the University of Florence and the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Egypt. It focuses on the use of state-of-the-art laser scanners, and virtual heritage modelling techniques to develop an integrated and interactive model of the site (underground, aboveground and airborne). This comprehensive data set/model will act as a platform for identifying issues, decision making and mapping the dewatering and implementation of the conservation work.