13 ERA-CAPS FLOWPLAST

开花正是由不同的环境线索控制的。这些反应有助于植物适应不同的环境，并有助于优化作物产量。主要在拟南芥中进行的遗传和分子分析已经确定了对环境有不同反应的调控途径，并整合了内源和环境信号来控制花的转变。这些途径作用于植物的不同组织，但最终影响到茎分生组织的开花。完全了解这些途径以及它们是如何整合的，将破译同一基因型植物在开花反应中的可塑性是如何被赋予的，以及品种之间的遗传差异如何影响这种可塑性。反过来，这些知识将提高我们培育适应环境条件变化的作物的能力。我们建议研究花期控制的可塑性的分子基础，重点是两个关键的环境信号，环境温度的升高和不同的日长。由于介导这些反应的途径最终会聚在茎分生组织上启动转录重编程，我们将开发完整的系统来描述在分生组织的特定空间区中发生的转录变化，通过一个时间序列来响应日长的变化。然后，我们将使用完整剖析中的数据来解决与分生组织中的信号整合相关的特定问题。我们将研究地上部顶端分生组织(SAM)在向开花的转变过程中的染色质景观，并将其与转录活性和剪接模式对环境温度的反应相关联。这种分析将使这些数据能够与在确定共同和不同进程的全天系列期间获得的数据进行比较。此外，我们将研究不同信号通路在肋骨分生组织中的整合，在那里光周期和赤霉酸(GA)信号融合。因此，该项目将利用基因组技术的开花和进步作为一个平台，剖析在全基因组范围内支配发育可塑性的基本机制。我们的结果将引起广大受众的兴趣，并将有助于回答进化上的重要问题，即环境信号通路如何在芽分生组织中优先考虑和整合，以及表观遗传调控和选择性剪接对花的转变有多大贡献。归根结底，这些知识将有助于预测植物可利用的机制，以操纵花朵过渡的时机，以应对环境变化，并将有助于可持续农业。

Flowering is precisely controlled by diverse environmental cues. These responses contribute to the adaptation of plants to different environments and to the optimisation of crop yields. Genetic and molecular analyses performed mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana have identified regulatory pathways that confer different responses to the environment and integrate endogenous and environmental cues to control the floral transition. These pathways act in different tissues of the plant but ultimately influence flowering at the shoot meristem. A complete understanding of these pathways and how they are integrated will decipher how plasticity in flowering response is conferred among plants of the same genotype and how genetic variation between varieties impacts on this plasticity. In turn such knowledge will increase our capacity to breed crops for changing environmental conditions. We propose to investigate the molecular basis of plasticity in flowering-time control in A. thaliana, with a focus on two crucial environmental cues, increases in ambient temperature and different day lengths. As the pathways mediating these responses ultimately converge on the shoot meristem to initiate transcriptional reprogramming we will develop the INTACT system to describe the transcriptional changes that occur in defined spatial zones of the meristem through a temporal series in response to changes in day length. Then, we will use the data from the INTACT profiling to address specific issues related to signal integration at the meristem. We will investigate the chromatin landscape at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) during the transition to flowering and correlate this to transcriptional activity and splicing patterns in response to high ambient temperatures. Such analyses will allow comparison of these data with those obtained during the day-length series identifying common and distinct processes. In addition, we will investigate the integration of different signalling pathways in the rib meristem, where photoperiod and gibberellic acid (GA) signalling converge. Thus, this project will employ flowering and advances in genomic technologies as a platform for dissecting basic mechanisms that govern developmental plasticity on a whole-genome scale. Our results will be of interest to a wide audience, and will help to answer the evolutionarily important questions of how environmental signalling pathways are prioritized and integrated at the shoot meristem as well as how much epigenetic regulation and alternative splicing contributes to the floral transition. Ultimately such knowledge will help predict the mechanisms available to plants to manipulate the timing of the floral transition in response to environmental changes and will contribute to sustainable agriculture.