GENETIC & EXPERIENTIAL INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMATE VOCAL BEHAVIOR

该项目研究了遗传机制和个体 非人类正常发声行为发展的经验 灵长类动物和人类婴儿。 在过去的一年里， 从4组研究中获得，总结如下。 1.绒猴发声爬行器的发育：重要的背景 两种不同的发声模式的产生率的差异 （尖叫和tsik叫声）在幼年绒猴中发现。 2.普通绒猴的婴儿检索：最近的一个重要作用 在成人/年长同胞检索的研究中发现了经验， 绒猴新生儿 不含新生儿的成体和亚成体， 他们的家庭组未能找回1 - 4周大的婴儿，而 成年和亚成年人与婴儿存在于他们的家庭群体 取出的婴儿排便时间不超过180秒。 3.恒河猴招募尖叫声的声学分化： 一组35只恒河猴， 个人产生了相同的激动性尖叫发声 声学亚型和野生恒河猴在相同的背景下 住在波多黎各外的圣地亚哥岛。 这表明 生产和上下文相关的使用这个子类的 发声是由基因控制的。 4.恒河猴幼猴社会分离过程中情感的发展 猕猴：心率和尖叫率之间存在正相关关系， 心率与COO率呈负相关 在3、4和5个月龄时的30分钟社会分离期间。 5.普通绒猴社会行为的成熟：纵向研究 对出生家庭群体中少年的观察以及 与异性同伴的配对揭示了重要的背景 在发声和性行为方面存在差异， in behavior行为in either任何context上下文.

This project investigates the roles of genetic mechanisms and individual experience in the development of normal vocal behavior in nonhuman primates and human infants. During the past year new findings were obtained from 4 sets of studies, which are summarized below. 1. Development of vocal reptertoire in marmosets: significant contextual differences in the production rates of two distinctive vocal patterns (scream and tsik calls) were found in infant marmosets. 2. Infant retrieval in common marmosets: an important role for recent experience was found in studies of adult/older sibling retrieval of marmoset neonates. Adults and subadults without neonates present in their family group failed to retrieve 1-4 week-old infants, whereas adults and subadults with infants present in their family groups retrieved infants with latencies no greater than 180 seconds. 3. Acoustic differentiation of recruitment screams in rhesus macaques: a group of 35 rhesus macaques who had no previous contact with feral individuals produced agonistic scream vocalizations with the same acoustic subtypes and in the same contexts as feral rhesus macaques living on Cayo Santiago Island off Puerto Rico. This suggests that production and context-dependent usage of this subclass of vocalizations is under genetic control. 4. Development of affect during social separation in infant rhesus macaques: a positive correlation between heart rate and scream rate and a negative correlation between heart rate and coo rate was found during 30 min. social separations at 3, 4, and 5 months of age. 5. Maturation of social behavior in common marmosets: longitudinal observations of juveniles in their natal family groups and following pairing with an opposite=sex peer revealed significant context differences in vocal play, and sexual behavior, and few sex differences in behavior in either context.