PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF THE INFANT CRY

这些研究使用神经科学和民族药理学的方法 调查与生产和感知有关的机制 非人灵长类动物的隔离叫声及其相关发声模式 为了了解发声表达的神经学和生理学 在人的情感中，哭声对听者的影响。今年的主要发现 年份如下： 1)静脉滴注0.5M乳酸钠对松鼠猴引起 一种可靠的、短暂的心动过速(类似于 这一程序的受试者)随后出现长时间的心动过缓。 在输液中加入CCK-4会产生更明显的交感神经 唤醒(脸红)，但未能进一步增加深度 心动过速。 2)3~5月龄同伴养育的心率和发声行为分析 幼年恒河猴30分钟内。社会分离时期 显示心脏反应性与 对这种温和的压力源的发声反应。母亲养育的婴儿较少 这些指标之间存在显著的相关性。没有重大意义 不同养育条件下的呼叫率或 心率。然而，在运动量上有显著的差异 活动，同伴饲养的动物有更高的活动水平。男性和 女性在发声的平均速度和发声速度上存在显著差异 30分钟以上的呼叫变异性，女性呼叫率较高 总体而言，在试验中表现出更多的可变性。 3)人类婴儿哭声的频率变异性比较 同样的婴儿在1周和40周大时表现稳定，但 根据痛苦程度的其他衡量标准有显著差异 婴儿的名字。

These studies use neuroscience and ethopharmacological methods to investigate the mechanisms related to production and perception of the isolation call and related vocalizations in nonhuman primates as a model for understanding the neurology and physiology of the vocal expression of affect in human in impact of crying on the listener. Major findings this year were as follows: 1) intravenous infusion of 0.5 M sodium lactate in squirrel monkeys caused a reliable, brief period of tachycardia (similar to the cardiac reaction in human subjects to this procedure) followed by prolonged bradycardia. Addition or CCK-4 to the infusate produced a more pronounced sympathetic arousal (facial flushing) but failed to further increase the depth of tachycardia. 2) analysis of heart rate and vocal behavior in 3-5-month old, peer-reared infant rhesus macaques during 30 min. periods of social separation indicated a significant positive correlation between cardiac reactivity and vocal reactivity to this mild stressor. Fewer mother-reared infants showed a significant correlation between these measures. No significant differences according to rearing condition were found for calling rate or heart rate. However, there was a significant difference in locomotor activity, peer-reared animals having higher activity levels. Males and females differed significantly in mean rate of vocalizing and in variability of calling over 30 minutes, females having both higher rates overall and exhibiting more variability within trials. 3) Comparison of the frequency variability of the cries of human infants suggested stability in the same infants at 1 and 40 weeks of age, but significant differences in other measures according to the distress level of the infant.