U S - FINLAND STUDIES OF NUTRITION AND CANCER

饮食与营养在儿童生长发育中的重要关系 通过各种研究努力，癌症已经广为人知。实验室 研究表明，多种天然和天然药物具有抗癌作用。 各种模型中的合成营养素，已得到以下证实 营养摄入、组织水平与癌症的人类流行病学研究 发病率。维生素A、β-胡萝卜素和硒 有足够的证据表明它们具有预防癌症的潜力 这些物质有理由在预防试验中使用。在……里面 此外，其他营养素在癌症发生和预防中的作用 (例如，膳食脂肪和纤维)需要进一步研究。 与芬兰政府的这一合作项目的目标 是：(1)确定β-胡萝卜素或α-生育酚 补充剂对预防吸烟者肺癌有效；(2)更好 评估脂肪、硒以及维生素A、E和C在乳房中的作用 癌症的发生；以及(3)评价各种营养物质的摄入量之间的关系。 营养物质会导致随后的癌症。该项目包括三项研究。这个 第一个是为期5年的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、2x2 因子预防试验每日β-胡萝卜素(每天20毫克)和 肺癌高危吸烟者服用α-生育酚(每天50毫克)。 不同干预组之间的肺癌发病率差异将是 下定决心。第二项是关于脂肪的乳腺癌病例对照研究， 总卡路里、硒以及维生素A、E和C。 乳腺癌的人体测量和遗传标记 将会被探索。第三个项目是营养成分的比较 从现有的大样本中确定的病例和参考对象的摄入量 有诊断前基线饮食病史的队列。两者之间的关联 不同的饮食成分和几种癌症将被评估。几个 到目前为止，试点研究已经完成，预防试验和 乳腺癌研究正在进行中。

The important relationship of diet and nutrition in the development of cancer has become well known through various research efforts. Laboratory studies have shown cancer inhibitory function for various natural and synthetic nutrients in various models, which have been corroborated by human epidemiologic studies of nutrient intake, tissue levels, and cancer incidence. Vitamin A, beta-carotene, and selenium have been strongly implicated for their cancer preventive potential, with sufficient evidence for these substances to warrant their use in prevention trials. In addition, the roles of other nutrients in cancer cause and prevention (e.g., dietary fats and fiber) require further investigation. The objectives of this cooperative project with the government of Finland are: (1) to determine if either beta-carotene or alpha-tocopherol supplement is effective in preventing lung cancer in smokers; (2) to better assess the role of fats, selenium, and vitamins A, E, and C in breast cancer development; and (3) to evaluate the relation of intake of various nutrients to subsequent cancer. The project includes three studies. The first is a 5-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2x2 factorial prevention trial of daily beta-carotene (20 mg daily) and alpha-tocopherol (50 mg daily) among smokers at high risk for lung cancer. The difference in lung cancer incidence between intervention groups will be determined. The second is a breast cancer case-control study of fats, total calories, selenium, and vitamins A, E, and C. The role of various anthropometric measurements as well as genetic markers for breast cancer will be explored. The third project will be a comparison of nutrient intakes in cases and reference subjects identified from an existing large cohort with prediagnostic baseline dietary histories. Associations between various dietary components and several cancers will be assessed. Several pilot studies have been completed to date, and the prevention trial and breast cancer study are underway.