Individual Differences In Physical And Affective Functio

本项目侧重于描述不同生态背景下的早期相互作用。在每一种情况下，都获得了扩展的观察，以确保可靠地测量个体差异。正在对魁北克、德国、中非共和国和哥伦比亚的父母和婴儿以及美国的非裔美国人和欧洲裔美国人家庭进行类似的为期一天的观察，以进一步探讨文化和背景对早期互动的影响。 对2至5岁的BofI婴儿的长期观察表明，与普遍的看法相反，断奶很少是亲子冲突的时期。这些婴儿的家庭要么住在乡村，要么过着游牧狩猎和采集的生活方式。在这两组孩子中，断奶都是由孩子们开始吃各种各样的食物开始的，尽管村民们更有可能在预定的时间完全终止母乳喂养，而觅食者则让孩子们自己带头。断奶通常与怀孕有关，儿童的反应取决于母亲的敏感性以及是否有额外的照顾者。

This project focuses on the description of early interaction in diverse ecological contexts. In each case, extended observations have been obtained to ensure that individual differences are reliably measured. Comparable day-long observations of parents and infants in Quebec, Germany, the Central African Republic, and Colombia, as well as in African-American and Euro-American families in the United States, are being conducted to explore further the effects of culture and context on early interactions. Extended observations of 2- to 5-year old Bofi infants whose families either lived in villages or pursued a nomadic hunting and gathering lifestyle revealed that, contrary to widespread beliefs, weaning was seldom a time of parent-offspring conflict. In both groups, weaning was initiated by the children as they began to eat a variety of foodstuffs, although villagers were more likely to terminate breastfeeding completely at a predetermined time, whereas foragers let the children themselves set the pace. Weaning was usually associated with pregnancy, and the children's reactions varied depending on maternal sensitivity as well as the availability of additional careproviders.