Microradiographic Guidance of Flow Modifying Stents

描述（由申请人提供）： 本项目的目的是构建一种新的极高空间分辨率、快速帧速率感兴趣区（ROI）X射线探测器系统，即微血管造影荧光镜（MAF），并将其用于指导和评价颅内动脉瘤治疗中用于血流调节的新型支架。探测器由于其较大的可调增益，将能够在分数microR和更高范围内的荧光透视曝光以及mR范围内的血管造影曝光下采集30 fps。探测器将具有可调节的像素尺寸，并且能够具有小于50 mu/m的像素尺寸，并且当在典型的血管造影kVp下操作时，将具有大于10 lp/mm的高对比度空间分辨率。MAF将具有直径至少为5 cm的视场，足以观察正在进行干预，特别是流量调节干预的小区域。MAF将与现有的商业血管造影X射线源兼容，并以插入商业系统的X射线图像增强器（X/I）与体模、动物或患者之间的方式安装，以便在需要其高分辨率ROI功能时（通常在介入手术期间的关键时刻）使用MAF。此外，MAF将用于锥束旋转微血管造影和微计算机断层扫描（CT），以确定准确血流评估所需的血管管腔。此外，用于精确定位的新成像能力将允许开发和实施新器械：通过改变动脉瘤血流特性治疗脑动脉瘤的不对称、可变孔隙度支架。为了优化新的支架设计，将探索诱导血栓形成所需的动脉瘤中的血流减少。还将使用先进的理论和实验方法研究流动和流动修改的细节。最后，高分辨率显微荧光检测器的临床应用将用于评价支架在人类患者血管系统中用于血流调节的用途。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The aim of this project is to build a new very high spatial resolution, rapid frame rate region of interest (ROI) x-ray detector system, the micro-angiographic fluoroscope (MAF) and to use it for guiding and evaluating new stents used for flow modification in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. The detector due to its large adjustable gain will be capable of acquiring 30 fps at both fluoroscopic exposures in the fractional microR and higher range as well as at angiographic exposures in the mR range. The detector will have adjustable pixel size and be capable of pixel sizes less than 50 mu/m and will have high-contrast spatial resolution greater than 10 lp/mm while operating at typical angiographic kVp's. The MAF will have a viewing field of at least 5 cm diameter sufficient for viewing small regions where interventions and in particular flow modifying interventions are occurring. The MAF will be compatible with existing commercial angiographic x-ray sources and be mounted in such a way as to be interposed between the x-ray image intensifier, X/I, of the commercial system and the phantom, animal, or patient so that the MAF can be used when its high resolution ROI capabilities are needed, usually at critical times during interventional procedures. Additionally, the MAF will be used for cone-beam rotational microangiography and micro-computed tomography (CT) for determining vessel lumens needed for accurate flow assessment. Also, the new imaging capability for accurate localization will allow the development and implementation of new devices: asymmetric, variable porosity stents for treatment of cerebral aneurysms by modifying aneurysm blood flow characteristics. To optimize the new stent design, flow reduction in aneurysms needed to induce thrombosis will be explored. Also details of flow and flow modification will be investigated using advanced theoretical and experimental methods. Finally clinical application of the high-resolution microfluoroscopic detector will be used to evaluate the use of stents for flow modification in the cerebrovasculature of human patients.