Exercise training/endothelial function/blood pressure re

描述(由申请人提供)： 项目3的目标是确定运动训练如何在 与有利的基因型相结合，会影响血压(BP)的反应性 应对急性实验室挑战和临床前措施的发展 高血压(EH)。项目3将主要集中在 内皮系统(ES)作为一种机械性的血管活性生物途径，但 还将包括交感神经系统(SNS)和 肾素血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)。 项目3将研究150名非裔美国女孩和150名非洲裔美国女孩。 8-11岁的男孩将被随机进行为期10个月的运动训练 干预组或对照组。测试将在0、5和10个月进行。 措施将包括血管活性介质、肾上腺素/去甲肾上腺素和BP。 在休息和对急性行为挑战的反应中，内皮依赖 动脉扩张到反应性充血(EDAD)，动脉僵硬， 微量白蛋白(Microalb)、左心室重量(LVM)、体成分、 心血管健康、心理社会因素和自由生活体力活动 和节食。将对通过ES影响BP的五个候选基因进行基因分型。 项目3的具体目标是测试练习的假设 训练将导致内皮功能和安静时血压的改善 通过增加一氧化氮来响应实验室挑战(否， 通过一氧化氮代谢产物[NOx]测定)，降低内皮素-1(ET-1)，以及 改善血管重塑。此外，基因与环境的相互作用将 解释这些回答中的一些个体间的差异。可能的 缓解性别、心理社会因素和生活方式因素的影响 也要接受检查。 项目3的长期目标是提高对 运动训练方式可降低EH的发病风险。调查结果来自 目前的研究可能导致更有效的初级预防计划 包括运动训练干预，考虑到潜力 基因倾向于对这样的干预做出更有利的反应， 特别是在患EH风险较高的人中。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of Project 3 is to ascertain how exercise training, in combination with favorable genotypes, affects blood pressure (BP) reactivity to an acute laboratory challenge and development of measures of preclinical essential hypertension (EH). Project 3 will focus primarily on the endothelial system (ES) as a mechanistic vasoactive biological pathway, but will also include measures from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Project 3 will study a cohort of 150 African American (AA) girls and 150 AA boys aged 8-11 years who will be randomized to a 10-month exercise training intervention or control group. Testing will occur at months 0, 5 and 10. Measures will include vasoactive mediators, epinephrine/norepinephrine and BP at rest and in response to an acute behavioral challenge, endotheliumdependent arterial dilation to reactive hyperemia (EDAD), arterial stiffness, micro albumin (micronALB), left ventricular mass (LVM), body composition, cardiovascular fitness, psychosocial factors and free-living physical activity and diet. Five candidate genes affecting BP through the ES will be genotyped. The specific aims of Project 3 are to test the hypotheses that exercise training will lead to improvements in endothelial function and BP at rest and in response to a laboratory challenge through increased nitric oxide (NO, measured via NO metabolites [NOx]), decreased endothelin-1 (ET-1), and improved vascular remodeling. In addition, gene-environment interactions will explain some of the inter-individual variability in these responses. Possible moderating influences of sex, psychosocial factors, and lifestyle factors will also be examined. The long term objectives of Project 3 are to improve the understanding of the way exercise training may reduce the risk of development of EH. Findings from the present study may lead to more effective primary prevention programs involving exercise training interventions, taking into account potential genetic predisposition to a more favorable response to such an intervention, particularly in individuals at higher risk of developing EH.