Project 4: Atmospheric Sources of PCB Congeners

虽然多氯联苯是半挥发性的，通常在全球空气中测量，但大气来源 多氯联苯的含量几乎完全没有定义。这个项目将扩大来源和知识的知识 通过一项结合大气模型的主要实地研究，研究多氯联苯在空气中的分布。这项研究是 结构为四个目标：在目标1下，我们将确定大气中多氯联苯的流行率和分布 在城市里。我们将监测芝加哥、伊利诺伊州和东部选定居民区空气中的多氯联苯 并将结果与爱荷华州的哥伦布交界处进行比较。目标1将涉及创新方法 抽样设计，包括从停放的健康诊所面包车上进行大容量抽样和在 家庭和学校。将为全套印刷电路板收集和分析1,000多个空气样本 每年都有同类的人。空气采样的后勤将通过与当地卫生部门合作来完成 机构、学校和政府。多氯联苯同类分析将由一个全自动的 大气中多氯联苯的提取、浓缩、净化、分析和质量保证的分析方法。 项目目标2-4的重点是利用额外的实地测量结合 数学建模。目标2涉及从受污染的水中释放多氯联苯的特征。一块田地 建模研究将考察芝加哥东部印第安纳港/航运运河的水域 多氯联苯的排放源。目标3涉及从前者的土壤中释放的多氯联苯的特征 炼油厂场地将储存受多氯联苯污染的沉淀物。在目标4下，我们将评估机械性 模型、扩散模型和其他计算模型，用于估计其他来源的多氯联苯排放 (未知)芝加哥/东芝加哥城市工业区的消息来源。目标2-4包括考虑因素 季节、当地气象、地形、污染沉积物的再悬浮、 在受污染工地的建筑活动，以及区域分散。

While PCBs are semivolatile and commonly measured in air throughout the globe, atmospheric sources of PCBs are almost completely undefined. This project will expand the knowledge of the sources and distribution of PCBs in air through a major field study coupled with atmospheric modeling. The study is structured as four aims: Under Aim 1 we will determine the prevalence and distribution of atmospheric PCBs in an urban area. We will monitor PCBs in air at select residential areas of Chicago, Illinois and East Chicago, Indiana and compare results to Columbus Junction, Iowa. Aim 1 will involve innovative methods in sampling design, including high volume sampling from parked health clinic vans and passive sampling at homes and schools. Over 1,000 air samples will be collected and analyzed for the full suite of PCB congeners each year. The logistics of air sampling will be accomplished by cooperating with local health agencies, schools, and governments. PCB congener analysis will be supported by a fully automated analytical method for atmospheric PCB extraction, concentration, cleanup, analysis, and quality assurance. Project Aims 2-4 focus on characterizing the sources using additional field measurements coupled with mathematical modeling. Aim 2 involves characterization of PCBs released from contaminated water. A field and modeling study will examine the water of Indiana Harbor / Shipping Canal in East Chicago as an emission source of PCBs. Aim 3 concerns characterization of PCBs released from the soils of a former refinery site destined to store PCB contaminated sediments. Under Aim 4 we will evaluate mechanistic models, dispersion models, and other computational models for estimating PCB emissions from other (unknown) sources in the Chicago / East Chicago urban industrial region. Aims 2-4 include considerations of the effects of season, local meteorology, topography, re-suspension of contaminated sediment, construction activities at a contaminated site, and regional dispersion.