Health-Promoting Effects of Positive Emotions

描述（由申请人提供）：本研究的长期目标是促进对积极情绪如何促进健康、心理健康和社会关系的理解。弗雷德里克森的积极情绪拓展与构建理论提供了基础。该理论指出，与消极情绪不同，消极情绪会缩小人们对可能行动的想法（例如，战斗，逃跑），积极情绪会扩大人们的思想行动库（例如，玩耍，探索），并建立他们持久的个人资源（例如，健康，弹性，社会支持，智力复杂性）。9项研究针对4个具体目标。研究1-2目的：研究和检验积极情绪在蓬勃发展的心理健康中的作用。研究1使用一种新的调查方法来评估旺盛的心理健康是否与高比例的积极情绪和消极情绪有关。研究2采用受试者间实验设计和一种新的自我调节干预策略来测试增加日常积极情绪体验是否会增加繁荣症状并减少抑郁症状。研究3-4的目标：具体目的1：测试积极情绪是否以及如何建立相应的和持久的个人资源。研究3采用受试者之间的实验设计和相同的自我调节干预策略来测试增加积极情绪的日常体验是否会建立弹性，从而改变人们的情绪，认知和生理功能。研究4测试了通过语言标记评估的认知拓展是否能解释积极情绪的建立效应。研究5-6的目标具体目的II1：检验积极情绪是否以及如何扩大人与人之间的好奇心和建立高质量的联系。每个实验都采用受试者之间的实验设计来诱导情绪（喜悦、愤怒或中性状态），并测试积极情绪是否会增加人们对新熟人的好奇心，从而扩大人际理解和同理心，并改善个人之间的联系方式。研究7-9的目标具体目的四：检验积极情绪是否以及如何构建有效的社会协调和有效的团队合作。每个实验都采用受试者之间的实验设计来诱导情绪（喜悦、愤怒或中性状态），并测试积极情绪是否会增加对群体身份的感知，从而帮助团队协调和节约资源。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this research is to advance understanding of how positive emotions enhance health, mental health, and social relations. Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions provides the foundation. The theory states that, unlike negative emotions, which narrow people's ideas about possible actions (e.g., fight, flee), positive emotions broaden people's thought-action repertoires (e.g., play, explore), and build their enduring personal resources (e.g., health, resilience, social support, intellectual complexity). Nine studies target four Specific Aims. Studies 1-2 target Specific Aim I: To investigate and test the role of positive emotions in flourishing mental health. Study 1 uses a new survey method to assess whether flourishing mental health is associated with high ratios of positive to negative emotions. Study 2 uses a between-subjects experimental design and a new self-regulation intervention strategy to test whether increasing daily experiences of positive emotions increases symptoms of flourishing and decreases symptoms of depression. Studies 3-4 target Specific Aim I1: To test whether and how positive emotions build consequential and lasting personal resources. Study 3 uses a between-subjects experimental design and the same self-regulation intervention strategy to test whether increasing daily experiences of positive emotions builds resilience, which in turn alters people's emotional, cognitive, and physiological functioning. Study 4 tests whether cognitive broadening, assessed through linguistic markers, accounts for the building effects of positive emotions. Studies 5-6 target Specific Aim II1: To test whether and how positive emotions broaden interpersonal curiosity and build high quality connections between people. Each uses a between-subjects experimental design to induce emotions (joy, anger, or a neutral state) and test whether positive emotion increases people's curiosity about a new acquaintance, and thereby expands interpersonal understanding and empathy, and improves the ways individuals relate to one another. Studies 7-9 target Specific Aim IV: To test whether and how positive emotions build efficient social coordination and effective teamwork. Each uses a between-subjects experimental design to induce emotions (joy, anger, or a neutral state) and test whether positive emotion increases perceptions of group identity and thereby helps teams coordinate and economize their use of resources.