IMPORTANCE OF PATERNAL CARE

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目及 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者的研究机构。 目的：确定灵长类动物良好养育的促进因子。 催乳素与促进父亲照顾行为有关，但迄今为止，除了鸟类和鱼类之外，几乎没有发现因果关系的证据。本研究旨在探讨催乳素和男性养育行为，生殖激素，并在合作繁殖的普通绒猴，Callithrix jacchus的物理变化之间的可能的因果关系。15名有父母经验的父亲在三个连续的婴儿护理期进行了研究，在两周前和三周后，他们的配偶分娩三个治疗条件：正常对照妊娠，催乳素降低和催乳素升高。治疗显着改变了父亲的血清催乳素水平。使用三种方法来确定父亲的父母照顾的水平：婴儿携带，家庭的努力和对婴儿刺激测试的反应，我们发现，只有男性对婴儿刺激的反应被改变的激素治疗。降低催乳素显着降低男性对婴儿刺激的反应，但升高催乳素显示出相同的效果。激素采样表明，睾酮水平呈反比关系，催乳素水平在正常围产期和催乳素治疗减少了这种关系。在降低催乳素治疗期间，胎盘雌二醇水平显著升高，而在升高催乳素治疗后，雌二醇水平显著降低。在正常治疗期间，父亲的体重在婴儿护理的第三周显著下降。在催乳素水平升高的治疗组中，雄性动物体重几乎没有或完全没有从乳房中减轻，而在催乳素水平降低的治疗组中，体重减轻最多。目前的研究结果没有区分催乳素对有经验的父亲行为的直接因果关系，但确实发现了与其他激素和体重增加的相互作用。 本研究使用WNPRC Assay Services和绒猴群。 在本报告所述期间之前结束了供资;出版了一些出版物。 出版物： 齐格勒TE，Prudom SL，Zahed SR，Parlow AF，Wegner F（2009）.催乳素的中介作用，在男性养育的父母经验丰富的绒猴（Callithrix jacchus）。激素和行为56：436-443. PMCID：PMC2761515 齐格勒，TE，Prudom，SL，Zahed，SR.（2009年）。普通绒猴雄性养育方式的变异及其神经内分泌调控。美国人类生物学杂志，21：739-744。PMID：19367571

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Objective: To determine the facilitators of good parenting in primates. Prolactin has been implicated in promoting paternal care behaviors but little evidence of causality has been found to date except for birds and fish. This study was designed to examine the possible causal relationships between prolactin and male parenting behaviors, reproductive hormones, and physical changes in cooperatively breeding common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus. Fifteen parentally experienced fathers were studied over three consecutive infant care periods during two weeks prior and three weeks following their mates' parturition under three-treatment conditions: normal control pregnancy, decreased prolactin and elevated prolactin. The treatments significantly altered the serum prolactin levels in the fathers. Using three methods of determining a father's level of parental care: infant carrying, family effort and responsiveness to infant stimulus tests, we found that only the male's response to infant stimuli was altered by the hormone treatments. Lowering prolactin significantly reduced male responsiveness to infant stimuli but elevating prolactin showed the same effect. Hormonal sampling indicated that testosterone levels showed an inverse relationship to prolactin levels during a normal peripartum period and prolactin treatment reduced this relationship. Prepartum estradiol levels were significantly elevated during the lowered prolactin treatment and estradiol was significantly lowered postpartum with the elevated prolactin treatment. Father's weight decreased significantly by the third week of infant care during the normal treatment. Males in the elevated prolactin treatment lost little or no weight from prepartum while in the lowered prolactin treatment showed the most weight loss. The present findings did not distinguish a direct causal relationship of prolactin on behavior in experienced fathers but did find an interaction with other hormones and weight gain. This research used WNPRC Assay Services and the marmoset colony. Funding ended before this reporting period; publications have resulted. PUBLICATIONS: Ziegler TE, Prudom SL, Zahed SR, Parlow AF, Wegner F (2009). Prolactin's mediative role in male parenting in parentally experienced marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR 56:436-443. PMCID: PMC2761515 Ziegler, TE, Prudom, SL, Zahed, SR. (2009). Variation in male parenting in the common marmoset monkey and its neuroendocrine control. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, 21: 739-744. PMID: 19367571