NEUROENDOCRINE RESPONSE TO FEMALE OVULATORY ODORS IN COOPERATIVE BREEDERS

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 确定化学交流如何激活合作繁殖灵长类动物的神经内分泌学。 合作繁殖灵长类物种的父亲在成功养育后代方面发挥着关键作用。虽然所有灵长类合作育种者的家庭成员都会抱着婴儿，但只有父亲提供全方位的婴儿护理，比如在生命的关键头几天提供帮助。人类父亲对后代的幸福和健康非常重要，几项研究发现，在几个不同的社会中，人类父亲表现出与父亲照顾相关的较低水平的睾丸素。合作繁殖雄性普通绒猴(Callithrix Jacchus)对睾酮变化的社会变化特别敏感。雄性绒猴在闻到新雌性的孤立排卵气味后，血清睾酮水平会升高，而父亲绒猴在婴儿出生后对配偶的睾丸素水平会下降(Prudom等人，2007年)。与人类父亲一样，绒猴表现出对父亲身份的睾丸激素反应降低，这使它们成为研究神经感觉系统和父亲行为的独特模型。 神经感觉机制影响合作或一夫一妻制灵长类动物的雄性睾丸素。我们实验室最近的研究发现，父亲的绒猴通过婴儿的嗅觉线索发生了一种神经感觉机制。我们发现，父亲的绒猴在闻到自己婴儿的气味时，与闻到车辆控制的气味时，睾丸激素水平存在显著差异。在养育自己的婴儿方面经验丰富的父亲在闻到自己三周大的婴儿的孤立气味30分钟后，睾丸素水平显著降低，而没有经验的男性，或者从未生育和抚养自己孩子的男性，在工具气味和陌生的三周大婴儿气味之间没有区别。这些数据表明，父亲自己的婴儿气味(没有其他感官线索)会刺激嗅觉系统，最终刺激下丘脑和脑下垂体，影响性腺释放睾丸激素。雄猴出生后睾酮水平持续下降可能是由于雄猴与其幼崽的嗅觉相互作用导致了积极的育儿行为。这项研究依赖于WNPRC化验服务。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. To determine how chemical communication activates the neuroendocrinology of cooperative breeding primates. Fathers of cooperatively breeding species of primates play a critical role in the successful rearing of offspring. While all family members of primate cooperative breeders carry infants, only the father provides the full range of infant care, such as assisting during the critical first days of life. Human fathers are extremely important to the well-being and increased fitness of their offspring and several studies have found that human fathers show lower levels of testosterone associated with paternal care in several different societies. The cooperative breeding male common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is especially responsive to social changes which alter testosterone. Males show increased levels of serum testosterone in response to smelling isolated ovulatory scents of novel females and father marmosets show decreased testosterone after the birth of infants to their mate (Prudom et al., 2007). Marmosets show the same lowered testosterone response to fatherhood as human fathers, making them a unique model to study neurosensory systems and paternal behavior. Neurosensory mechanisms influence male testosterone in cooperative or monogamous primates. Recent studies in our lab have found a neurosensory mechanism occurring in father marmosets via infant olfactory cues. We have found significant differences between testosterone levels in father marmosets when smelling their own infant's scent versus smelling a vehicle control. Fathers that are experienced at rearing their own infants have significantly lower testosterone 30 minutes following smelling an isolated scent of their own three-week-old infant whereas inexperienced males, or males who have never produced and raised their own offspring show no differences between vehicle and unfamiliar three-week-old infant scent. These data suggest that a father's own infant odor (without other sensory cues) stimulates the olfactory system and ultimately stimulates the hypothalamus and pituitary to affect the release of testosterone from the gonads. The consistently lowered testosterone following birth in marmoset fathers may be due to the olfactory interactions of the male with his infants which results in positive parenting behavior. This research relied on WNPRC Assay Services.