DETECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND UPGRADE

这个子项目是利用资源的许多研究子项目之一。 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。对子项目的主要支持 子项目的首席调查员可能是由其他来源提供的， 包括美国国立卫生研究院的其他来源。为子项目列出的总成本可能 表示该子项目使用的中心基础设施的估计数量， 不是由NCRR赠款提供给次级项目或次级项目工作人员的直接资金。 目标2008年更新这项资助的目标是：升级我们现有的两个面阵探测器系统公司(ADSC)Q315探测器，开始购买最先进的现代像素阵列探测器(PAD)，促进和参与探测器开发计划(单片，高度集成的模块)。虽然它们得到了积极的评价，但最初我们没有收到最后两个项目的资金。在这一年中，国家研究报告为PAD探测器提供了补充资金；探测器开发项目仍然没有资金。 去年增加的另一个目标是获得更快、更大的探测器，以取代X26-C目前使用的老化的Q4R。我们设法借到了一台更大、更快的Q210，这是NSLS拥有的，之前是X6-A。我们将很快将其替换为最近从X25检索到的Serial#6 ADSC Q315。 结果Pilatus P6M区域探测器去年从瑞士巴登的Dectris AG订购，并支付了NCRR补充费用，于2月份运抵，并在波束线X25到位，于2011年3月1日投入使用。从那时起，已经有32个小组使用了它，并记录了超过100,000度的数据旋转。标准的操作模式是在连续扫描中测量衍射图像，快门保持打开，3.6ms的死区被忽略。请注意，在x29，1度图像的典型曝光率为2秒/旋转度。光束强度大致相同，但在X25，平均为5秒/度，0.5度。图像。我们将较长的曝光时间归因于X25解决问题的难度较大，X25是为产生特别小的X射线束而设置的，尚未安装自动安装程序。 计划我们发现，正如规定的那样，P6M是一种单光子计数，基本上没有噪音的探测器。预期的性能规格见上表。它对一次X射线的效率应该是80%左右。有几个数据还原程序可用于该探测器。HKL2000是其他探测器的标准，是大多数用户的备用软件。调查人员正在获得的数据似乎至少与之前基于CCD的探测器获得的数据一样好。与此同时，我们正在探索大尺寸、低噪声和快速成帧(高达10帧/秒)的潜力如何能够用以前可能提供的弱衍射晶体提供明显更好的数据。 重要意义我们可以利用现有的仪器，利用晶体在NSLS产生的最好的衍射效果。当我们进入NSLS II时，这个探测器将为我们服务，在那里，我们可能预计在早期收集数据的速度会快10到20倍。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. Primary support for the subproject and the subproject's principal investigator may have been provided by other sources, including other NIH sources. The Total Cost listed for the subproject likely represents the estimated amount of Center infrastructure utilized by the subproject, not direct funding provided by the NCRR grant to the subproject or subproject staff. Objectives The objectives stated for 2008 renewal of this grant were these: upgrade our two existing Area-Detector Systems Corp. (ADSC) Q315 detectors, initiate the purchase of a modern pixel-array detector (PAD) that is at the state of the art, contribute to and participate in a detector-development program (monolithic, highly-integrated modules). Although they were favorably reviewed, initially we did not receive funding for the last two projects. During this year the NCRR provided a supplement to fund the PAD detector; the detector-development project is still not funded. An additional objective added last year was to obtain a quicker and larger detector to replace the aging Q4r currently in use at X26-C. We managed to borrow a larger and faster one: a Q210 owned by the NSLS and previously at X6-A. We'll soon replace it with the Serial #6 ADSC Q315 recently retrieved from X25. Results  The Pilatus P6M area detector ordered last year from Dectris AG of Baden Switzerland, and paid for with a NCRR supplement, arrived in Feb and was in place at beamline X25 and operating by 1 March 2011. Since that time 32 groups have used it, and have recorded over 100,000 degrees rotation of data. The standard mode of operation is to measure diffraction images in a continuous sweep, with the shutter remaining open and the 3.6ms deadtime being ignored. Note that at X29 data are taken with typical exposure rates of 2 sec/degree of rotation for one-degree images. The beam intensity is about the same, but at X25 the average is 5 sec/degree with 0.5deg. images. We attribute the longer exposure time to the greater difficulty of problems addressed at X25, which is set up for producing an especially small x-ray beam and does not yet have its automounter installed. Plans  We find that, as specified, the P6M is a single-photon-counting, essentially noise-free detector. The expected performance specifications are in the table above. It should be about 80% efficient for 1¿ x-rays. There are several data-reduction programs available for use with this detector. HKL2000 is the standard for other detectors and is the fall-back software for most users. Investigators are getting data that appear to be at least as good as were obtained from the previous CCD-based detector. At the same time that we are exploring how the large size, low noise, and potential for fast framing (up to 10 frames/sec) can give measurably better data with weakly diffracting crystals that have been possible before. Significance  We are in position to exploit the very best diffraction that a crystal can produce at NSLS with the instruments we have in place now. This detector will serve us as we move into NSLS II where we might expect in early days to be collecting data ten to twenty times as quickly.